Evolution of HAQ and DAS over time in men and womena.
| Variables | HAQ pb | DAS | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men, ß (95% CI) | Women, ß (95% CI) | pb | ||
| All patients, n | 1142 | 4393 | ||
| Sex and followup time interaction | 0.200 | – | – | 0.011 |
| Followup time, yrs | −0.69 (−0.75 to −0.62) | −0.58 (−0.62 to −0.55) | ||
| csDMARD combination therapy, n | 233 | 947 | ||
| Sex and followup time interaction | 0.706 | – | – | 0.014 |
| Followup time, yrs | −0.89 (−1.07 to −0.71) | −0.59 (−0.67 to −0.51) | ||
| csDMARD monotherapy, n | 421 | 1804 | ||
| Sex and followup time interaction | 0.453 | – | – | 0.178 |
| GC, n | 103 | 252 | ||
| Sex and followup time interaction | 0.283 | – | – | 0.462 |
| csDMARD + GC, n | 271 | 928 | ||
| Sex and followup time interaction | 0.419 | – | – | 0.263 |
| csDMARD combination + GC, n | 114 | 452 | ||
| Sex and followup time interaction | 0.848 | – | – | 0.931 |
↵a Results stem from linear multivariable mixed model analyses adjusted for age, RF, ACPA, symptom duration at diagnosis, BMI, smoking, and country. Different models were constructed for all patients and then for treatment subgroups. Regression coefficients represent the units of change in the outcome per unit of time, in this case, per year.
↵b P values are shown only for the interactions between sex and time. In the presence of a statistically significant interaction, results are stratified by sex, and the evolution of DAS over time is shown for men and women separately. HAQ: Health Assessment Questionnaire; DAS: Disease Activity Score; csDMARD: conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; GC: glucocorticoids; RF: rheumatoid factor; ACPA: anticitrullinated protein antibodies; BMI: body mass index.