The univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models for death of Korean patients with SSc.
| Variables | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis† | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | |
| Age at diagnosis, yrs | ||||
| < 40 (ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 40–49 | 1.77 (0.75–4.19) | 0.195 | 2.81 (0.73–10.82) | 0.133 |
| 50–59 | 2.58 (1.15–5.78) | 0.022 | 3.85 (1.04–14.21) | 0.043 |
| ≥ 60 yrs | 3.94 (1.70–9.12) | 0.001 | 9.95 (2.35–42.25) | 0.002 |
| Male | 2.2 (1.13–4.27) | 0.02 | – | – |
| Residence in rural area | 2.09 (1.14–3.84) | 0.017 | 2.25 (0.94–5.42) | 0.07 |
| ILD | 2.45 (1.27–4.75) | 0.008 | – | – |
| Cardiovascular involvement | 4.31 (2.52–7.36) | < 0.001 | 6.89 (3.21–14.78) | < 0.001 |
| PAH | 4.66 (2.57–8.44) | < 0.001 | – | – |
| Renal crisis | 4.47 (2.11–9.49) | < 0.001 | – | – |
| Cancer | 2.56 (1.25–5.23) | 0.010 | – | – |
| FVC < 70% | 2.90 (1.66–5.08) | < 0.001 | – | – |
| DLCO < 60% | 2.42 (1.28–4.58) | 0.007 | – | – |
| Anti-Scl-70 antibody | 2.29 (1.31–4.01) | 0.004 | 2.8 (1.24–6.35) | 0.014 |
| dcSSc (ref. lcSSc) | 1.6 (0.95–2.7) | 0.078 | – | – |
↵† Backward elimination from the full model of age, sex, skin subset, anti-Scl-70, residence in rural area, cardiovascular involvement, PAH, ILD, renal crisis, cancer, FVC < 70%, and DLCO < 60%. SSc: systemic sclerosis; ILD: interstitial lung disease; PAH: pulmonary arterial hypertension; FVC: forced vital capacity; dcSSc: diffuse cutaneous SSc; lcSSc: limited cutaneous SSc.