Table 3.

Self-reported work productivity, absenteeism, and presenteeism.

Study, Yr	Treatment	Tool Used to Measure Work Productivity	Range^*	Measurement of Self-reported Work Productivity	Change in Self-reported Work Productivity	Measure of Variability for Self-reported Work Productivity	Absenteeism^◊	Presenteeism^§
Kavanaugh, et al, 2006¹⁰	PBO	VAS	(0–10)	Median VAS score change from baseline	−0.3	IQR (−1.5, 1.5)	0	NR
Kavanaugh, et al, 2006¹⁰	IFX, 5 mg/kg				−2.6^**	IQR (− 0.5, −5)	−9.3	NR
Kavanaugh, et al, 2009¹¹	PBO	VAS	(0–10)	Mean VAS score change from baseline	−0.08	SD (2.6)	0.4	NR
	GOL, 50 mg				−1.9^**	SD (2.7)	1.6	NR
	GOL, 100 mg				−2.6^**	SD (3)	2.3	NR
Kavanaugh, et al, 2012¹²	PBO	VAS	(0–10)	Mean VAS score change from baseline	−0.78	NR	NR	NR
	UST, 45 mg				−1.82^**	NR	NR	NR
	UST, 90 mg				−2.64^**	NR	NR	NR
Kavanaugh, et al, 2015¹³	PBO	WPS	(0–10)	Mean WPS score change from baseline	−1	NR	−1	−0.3
	CZP, 200 mg				−2.7^NR	NR	−1.8^NR	−3.9^**
	CZP, 400 mg				−1.9 ^NR	NR	−1	−3^**
Zhang, et al, 2014¹⁴	PBO	WLQ	(0–10) ^{^Ŧ}	Median % improvement of productivity loss	0.37	NR	NR	NR
	APR, 20 mg				−1.89^NR	NR	NR	NR
	APR, 30 mg				−2.47 ^NR	NR	NR	NR

↵* Lower VAS, WPS, and WLQ scores represent greater work productivity.
↵** Statistically significant difference compared to PBO at a 0.05 level.
↵◊ Days missed from work per month.
↵§ Days with reduced productivity per month.
↵Ŧ Scores were transformed from a 0–100 scale. PBO: placebo; IFX: infliximab; GOL: golimumab; UST: ustekinumab; CZP: certolizumab pegol; APR: apremilast; VAS: visual analog scale; WPS: Work Productivity Survey; WLQ: Work Limitations Questionnaire; IQR: interquartile range;
↵NR: statistical significance level not reported; NR: not reported.