End of Year 1 characteristics of participants with improved/unchanged outcomes (total responders) and deteriorated outcomes (total nonresponders) at the end of Year 2 as compared to the end of Year 1. Values are mean (SD) unless otherwise specified.
| Characteristics | Responders, n = 54 | Nonresponders, n = 105 | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs | 59 (9.6) | 61 (8.4) | 0.1784 |
| Females, n (%) | 46 (85) | 81 (77) | 0.2310 |
| University education, n (%) | 34 (63) | 50 (48) | 0.0664 |
| Income above average, n (%) | 42 (78) | 70 (67) | 0.1694 |
| Children at home, n (%) | 12 (22) | 12 (11) | 0.0718 |
| Disease duration, yrs | 11 (8.3) | 13 (9.5) | 0.3003 |
| Comorbidites, n (%) | |||
| 0 | 23 (43) | 46 (44) | 0.3686 |
| 1 | 8 (15) | 24 (23) | 0.3686 |
| 2 + | 23 (43) | 35 (33) | 0.3686 |
| Current HEPA, n (%) | 49 (91) | 80 (76) | 0.0421 |
| Maintained HEPA, n (%) | 27 (50) | 62 (59) | 0.2610 |
| Health, VAS, 0–100 | 19 (17.4) | 28 (23) | 0.0060 |
| Pain, VAS, 0–100 | 21 (17.4) | 25 (23) | 0.2235 |
| Fatigue, VAS, 0–100 | 29 (22.4) | 34 (25.7) | 0.2535 |
| Quality of life, EQ-5D, 0–100 | 78 (15.0) | 76 (18.9) | 0.3735 |
| Activity limitation, HAQ-DI, 0–3 | 0.29 (0.39) | 0.30 (0.45) | 0.8572 |
| Exercise self-efficacy, 6–60 | 35 (11.2) | 33 (12.5) | 0.2571 |
| Fear avoidance beliefs, 0–24 | 5 (4.2) | 5 (4.2) | 0.8521 |
| Social support, 0–65 | |||
| Family | 30 (13.4) | 27 (13.3) | 0.2823 |
| Friends | 27 (12.7) | 22 (12.7) | 0.0707 |
| OE longterm health = 10 | 48 (89) | 80 (76) | 0.0556 |
| OE RA symptoms = 10 | 23 (43) | 46 (44) | 0.8834 |
| VO2max, ml/kg/min | 31 (9.1) | 29 (7.5) | 0.2613 |
| Timed standing, s | 16 (5.6) | 19 (7.1) | 0.0119 |
| Grip strength max right, n | 240 (104.0) | 235 (118.3) | 0.7527 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26 (5.0) | 27 (4.9) | 0.2293 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 87 (14.2) | 91 (13.4) | 0.1328 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 132 (18.8) | 134 (17.0) | 0.5639 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 81 (9.9) | 82 (8.6) | 0.4143 |
Alpha level set at 0.05 (shown in bold face). Health: general health perception; HEPA: health-enhancing physical activity; VAS: visual analog scale; HAQ-DI: Health Assessment Questionnaire–Disability Index; OE: outcome expectations; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; VO2max: maximal oxygen uptake; BMI: body mass index.