Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with SLE at the time of diagnosis. Values are n (%) unless otherwise specified.
| Characteristics | All SLE Patients, n = 850 | SLE Patients at Risk of Developing Proteinuria, n = 604 |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||
| Male | 104 (12) | 56 (9.0) |
| Female | 746 (88) | 548 (91) |
| Age, yrs | ||
| Median | 32 | 34 |
| Range | 3–81 | 3–81 |
| Prodromal time, yrs | ||
| Median | 1.5 | 1.8 |
| Range | 0–44 | 0–44 |
| Followup time, yrs* | ||
| Median | 10 | 12 |
| Range | 0–44 | 0–44 |
| Clinical manifestations, cumulative | ||
| Malar rash | 354 (42) | 263 (44) |
| Discoid rash | 83 (9.8) | 74 (12) |
| Photosensitivity | 252 (30) | 219 (36) |
| Oral ulcers | 83 (9.8) | 67 (11) |
| Arthritis | 516 (61) | 397 (66) |
| Pericarditis | 107 (13) | 77 (13) |
| Pleurisy | 198 (23) | 143 (24) |
| Psychosis | 20 (2.4) | 18 (2.9) |
| Seizure | 25 (2.9) | 15 (2.5) |
| Leukopenia | 184 (22) | 130 (22) |
| Lymphopenia | 252 (30) | 168 (28) |
| Thrombocytopenia | 196 (23) | 127 (21) |
| Hemolysis | 67 (7.9) | 39 (6.5) |
| Anti-dsDNA | 455 (54) | 343 (57) |
| Anti-Sm | 38 (4.5) | 25 (4.1) |
| IgG or IgM cardiolipin | 186 (22) | 126 (21) |
| LAC | 29 (3.4) | 19 (3.1) |
| ANA | 796 (94) | 565 (94) |
| Alopecia | 100 (12) | 72 (12) |
| Positive Coombs test | 122 (14) | 74 (12) |
| Hypertension | 87 (10) | 25 (4.1) |
| SLE-related medication | ||
| Glucocorticoids | 540 (64) | 340 (56) |
| HCQ | 333 (39) | 276 (46) |
| Immunosuppressants | 293 (35) | 150 (25) |
| AZA | 156 (18) | 102 (17) |
| CYC | 76 (8.9) | 13 (2.2) |
| CSA | 12 (1.4) | 5 (0.8) |
| MTX | 50 (5.9) | 44 (7.2) |
| MMF | 56 (6.6) | 14 (2.3) |
| RTX | 8 (0.9) | 4 (0.7) |
↵* Followup time/SLE duration: time from date of diagnosis (i.e., fulfillment of the ACR criteria) until last hospital visit or death, whichever came first. SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; ACR: American College of Rheumatology; IgG: immunoglobulin G; LAC: lupus anticoagulant; ANA: antinuclear antibodies; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; AZA: azathioprine; CYC: cyclophosphamide; CSA: cyclosporine; MTX: methotrexate; MMF: mycophenolate mofetil; RTX: rituximab.