Demographic variables and cardiovascular risk factors at screening, in men with SLE and control subjects per the presence of coronary-artery calcification. Data are expressed as the mean (SD) or median (minimum–maximum), unless otherwise indicated.
| Variable | Men with Calcification†, n = 24 | Men without Calcification, n = 171 | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, yrs | 44.9 (6.7) | 33.3 (9.4) | < 0.001 |
| Education, yrs | 13.6 (3.7) | 13.6 (3.3) | 0.84 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.8 (5.6) | 27.2 (4.9) | 0.53 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 96.5 (12.7) | 91.7 (13.0) | 0.03 |
| Coronary artery risk factors | |||
| Current smoking, n (%) | 9 (38) | 32 (18) | 0.06 |
| Past smoking, n (%) | 14 (58) | 77 (45) | 0.28 |
| Ever smoking, n (%) | 15 (63) | 82 (48) | 0.28 |
| Hypertension‡, n (%) | 11 (46) | 30 (18) | 0.005 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm/Hg | 119.6 (10.4) | 113.8 (9.8) | 0.006 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm/Hg | 78.3 (8.2) | 75.2 (7.7) | 0.06 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 5 (21) | 7 (4) | 0.008 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 194.5 (48.6) | 191.5 (48.2) | 0.72 |
| Low-density lipoprotein, mg/dl | 115.9 (37.5) | 117.2 (36.2) | 0.79 |
| High-density lipoprotein, mg/dl | 39.2 (11.1) | 41.9 (10.3) | 0.25 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 183.4 (71.2) | 177.3 (119.0) | 0.16 |
| Glucose, mg/dl | 122.2 (82.9) | 94.6 (18.6) | 0.29 |
| Apolipoprotein B, mg/dl | 103.6 (24.7) | 101.1 (27.3) | 0.59 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 0.98 (0.36–13.41) | 0.93 (0.5–17.7) | 0.18 |
| eGFR (CKD-EPI), ml/min | 88 (4–149) | 105 (3–150) | 0.003 |
| eGFR < 60 ml/min, n (%) | 5 (20) | 10 (6) | 0.03 |
| Homocysteine, mg/dl | 16.8 (15.3) | 11.4 (6.1) | 0.007 |
| Ultrasensitive CRP, mg/l | 4.9 (5.4) | 2.9 (4.3) | 0.02 |
| MetS, n (%) | 14 (58) | 54 (32) | 0.01 |
| Framingham risk score | 7.5 (2–25) | 3 (2–16) | < 0.001 |
| SLE, n (%) | 17 (71) | 78 (46) | 0.03 |
↵† Coronary artery calcification defined as total calcium score > 0.
↵‡ Hypertension defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; MetS: metabolic syndrome; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; CRP: C-reactive protein; CKD-EPI: Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration.