Table 3.

Agreement between clinical findings and US results in tender and nontender joints.

Clinical Finding	US Technique	Joint Type	Physical Examination Method	Agreement	κ		Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV
Clinical Finding	US Technique	Joint Type	Physical Examination Method	Agreement	Cohen	AC1	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV
Ballottement	Greyscale	Tender	DFFT	0.72	0.41	0.48	0.53	0.86	0.73	0.72
		Tender	TFT	0.63	0.27	0.29	0.47	0.80	0.70	0.60
		Nontender	DFFT	0.73	0.33	0.55	0.41	0.89	0.65	0.75
		Nontender	TFT	0.67	0.07	0.52	0.06	1.00	1.00	0.66
	Doppler	Tender	DFFT	0.83	0.63	0.70	0.69	0.91	0.82	0.84
		Tender	TFT	0.77	0.49	0.57	0.64	0.84	0.70	0.80
		Nontender	DFFT	0.81	0.48	0.70	0.53	0.91	0.70	0.84
		Nontender	TFT	0.76	0.11	0.69	0.08	1.00	1.00	0.76
Spongy	Greyscale	Tender	DFFT	0.70	0.41	0.39	0.86	0.58	0.60	0.85
		Tender	TFT	0.65	0.31	0.32	0.77	0.54	0.63	0.70
		Nontender	DFFT	0.74	0.38	0.55	0.53	0.84	0.61	0.79
		Nontender	TFT	0.69	0.26	0.48	0.38	0.86	0.59	0.72
	Doppler	Tender	DFFT	0.61	0.26	0.22	0.82	0.50	0.45	0.85
		Tender	TFT	0.50	0.10	0.01	0.71	0.42	0.31	0.80
		Nontender	DFFT	0.76	0.39	0.60	0.58	0.82	0.54	0.85
		Nontender	TFT	0.73	0.26	0.58	0.42	0.84	0.45	0.81

DFFT: dorsal 4-finger technique; TFT: 2-finger technique; PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value; US: ultrasound; AC1: first-order agreement coefficient.