Comparison between the 2 phases of the study (2000–2007 and 2008–2015). Values are n (%) unless otherwise specified.
| Variables | Patients without CVE, n = 169 | Patients with CVE, n = 41 | All Patients, n = 210 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at 2000, yrs, mean ± SD | 43.1 ± 11.8 | 49.3 ± 10.2 | 44.3 ± 11.8 | < 0.0001 |
| Age at 2008, yrs, mean ± SD | 51 ± 12.1 | 56.8 ± 10.4 | 52.1 ± 12 | |
| HTN 2000 | 47/169 (27.8) | 20/41 (48.8) | 67/210 (31.9) | |
| HTN 2008 | 35/152 (23) | 26/41 (63.4) | 87/193 (45.1) | < 0.0001 |
| High total cholesterol 2000, > 5.2 mmol/l | 49/169 (29.0) | 18/41 (43.9) | 67/210 (31.9) | |
| High total cholesterol 2008, > 5.2 mmol/l | 48/155 (31.0) | 16/40 (40.0) | 64/195 (32.8) | 0.106 |
| Low HDL 2000, < 1 mmol/l | 13/166 (7.8) | 2/34 (5.9) | 15/200 (7.5) | |
| Low HDL 2008, < 1 mmol/l | 3/149 (2.0) | 1/39 (2.6) | 4/188 (2.1) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus 2000 | 6/169 (3.6) | 3/40 (7.5) | 9/209 (4.3) | |
| Diabetes mellitus 2008 | 8/155 (5.2) | 7/40 (17.5) | 15/195 (7.7) | 0.132 |
| Smoking, current, 2000 | 28/169 (16.6) | 4/40 (10) | 32/209 (15.3) | |
| Smoking, current, 2008 | 15/155 (9.68) | 2/40 (5) | 17/195 (8.7) | < 0.0001 |
| Body mass index 2000 | 24.7 ± 6.0 | 26.0 ± 7.2 | 25 ± 6.3 | |
| Body mass index 2008 | 25.4 ± 5.8 | 28.6 ± 7.4 | 26 ± 6.2 | < 0.0001 |
| Framingham Risk Score 2000 | 2.7 ± 3.7 | 4.8 ± 4.7 | 3.1 ± 4.0 | |
| Median | 2.0 | |||
| Framingham Risk Score 2008 | 3.5 ± 3.6 | 5.6 ± 4.6 | 4.1 ± 2.5 | 0.0534 |
| Median | 3.0 | |||
| Serum creatinine ≥ 110 mmol/l 2000 | 10/168 (6) | 7/40 (17.5) | 17/208 (8.2) | |
| Serum creatinine ≥ 110 mmol/l 2008 | 15/155 (9.7) | 7/40 (17.5) | 22/195 (11.3) | 0.156 |
| Adjusted mean SLEDAI 2000 | 4.0 ± 4.2 | 4.0 ± 4.2 | 4.0 ± 4.2 | |
| Adjusted mean SLEDAI 2008 | 3.2 ± 2.9 | 2.8 ± 2.5 | 3.1 ± 2.8 | 0.0447 |
| SLICC/ACR DI 2000, excluding CV component | 1.4 ± 1.7 | |||
| SLICC/ACR DI 2008, excluding CV component | 1.8 ± 1.9 | 3.05 ± 2.86 | 2.1 ± 2.2 | < 0.000 |
CVE: cardiovascular events; HTN: hypertension; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; SLEDAI: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index; SLICC: Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics; ACR: American College of Rheumatology; DI: damage index.