Table 3.

Effect of genetic ancestry on RA treatment modalities.

TreatmentpBonferroni, OR (95% CI)P Value Adjusted for Age, Sex, Smoking, and HLA GRS, OR (95% CI)
NSAID0.001, 0.37 (0.20–0.67)0.004, 0.40 (0.21–0.75)
Prednisonen.s.n.s.
Hydroxychloroquinen.s.n.s.
Chloroquinen.s.n.s.
Methotrexate0.001, 0.35 (0.19–0.66)< 0.0001, 0.19 (0.09–0.45)
Leflunomide0.001, 0.16 (0.06–0.46)0.001, 0.11 (0.03–0.40)
Sulfasalazine< 0.0001, 48.6 (19.02–124.3)< 0.0001, 32.91 (11.33–95.60)
Gold saltsn.s.n.s.
Azathioprine< 0.0001, 163.6 (29.73–900.6)< 0.0001, 166.42 (16.75–1652.92)
Minocyclinen.s.n.s.
Cyclosporinen.s.n.s.
Biological agentsn.s.n.s.
Other treatmentsn.s.n.s.
  • RA: rheumatoid arthritis; GRS: genetic risk score; NSAID: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; n.s.: not significant.