Participant characteristics at baseline. Student t test or chi-square test was used for the comparison. Values are % (n) unless otherwise specified.
| Characteristics | Effusion-synovitis Volume Change Defined by Least Significant Change Criterion | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No Increase, n = 239 | Increase, n = 115 | ||
| Age, yrs, mean (SD) | 63.2 (7.1) | 63.1 (7.2) | 0.96 |
| Women | 55 (131) | 41 (48) | 0.01 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 29.4 (4.8) | 30.1 (5.2) | 0.24 |
| Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D, nmol/l, mean (SD) | 43.7 (11.8) | 44.6 (13.1) | 0.55 |
| Vitamin D supplementation | 56 (134) | 41 (47) | 0.01 |
| Past knee injury | 8 (19) | 6 (7) | 0.67 |
| Past knee surgery | 18 (43) | 23 (26) | 0.31 |
| Bone marrow lesion | 75 (179) | 88 (101) | < 0.01 |
| Cartilage defect | 97 (232) | 99 (114) | 0.22 |
| Cartilage volume, ml, mean (SD) | 5.7 (1.7) | 5.9 (1.6) | 0.35 |
| Osteophyte | 84 (201) | 90 (103) | 0.14 |
| Joint space narrowing | 90 (215) | 93 (107) | 0.38 |
| WOMAC questionnaire | |||
| Knee pain, range 0–500, mean (SD) | 143.0 (87.4) | 119.8 (76.9) | 0.02 |
| Knee function, range 0–1700, mean (SD) | 489.2 (314.2) | 440.6 (278.5) | 0.16 |
| Knee stiffness, range 0–200, mean (SD) | 64.5 (41.2) | 58.1 (37.5) | 0.17 |
Statistically significant difference at α = 0.05 are in bold face. BMI: body mass index; WOMAC: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.