Table 2.

Mean invalidation scores (discounting and lack of understanding) according to categorical variables. Values are mean ± SD unless otherwise specified.

Categorical Variables	Source: Family				Source: Health Professionals
Categorical Variables	Discounting	p	Lack of Understanding	p	Discounting	p	Lack of Understanding	p
Sex
Female	2.3 ± 1.0	0.05¹	2.5 ± 1.1	< 0.01¹	1.9 ± 0.9	0.98¹	2.2 ± 1.0	0.56¹
Male	2.1 ± 0.8		2.2 ± 0.9		1.9 ± 0.8		2.1 ± 0.9
Marital status
Single	1.8 ± 1.0	0.15²	2.0 ± 1.0	0.33²	1.0 ± 0.8	0.54²	1.0 ± 0.9	< 0.05²
Partnered	2.3 ± 1.0		2.5 ± 1.1		2.0 ± 0.9		2.2 ± 1.1
Divorced	2.7 ± 1.1		2.7 ± 1.0		1.9 ± 0.8		2.2 ± 0.9
Widowed	2.3 ± 1.1		2.2 ± 1.4		1.6 ± 0.5		1.2 ± 0.3
Education
Primary	1.7 ± 0.5	< 0.01^{²^§}	1.9 ± 0.9	0.06²	1.5 ± 0.7	0.05²	2.0 ± 0.9	0.87²
Secondary	2.5 ± 1.0		2.5 ± 1.1		2.0 ± 0.9		2.1 ± 1.1
Tertiary	2.3 ± 1.0		2.4 ± 1.1		1.9 ± 0.8		2.2 ± 1.0
Work status
Employed	2.2 ± 0.9	< 0.01^{²^¤}	2.4 ± 1.0	0.01² ^*	1.9 ± 0.9	0.60²	2.2 ± 1.0	0.91²
Unemployed	2.5 ± 1.1		2.5 ± 1.1		2.0 ± 0.9		2.2 ± 1.0
Retired	2.5 ± 1.0		2.8 ± 1.2		1.8 ± 0.7		2.2 ± 1.0
Diagnosis
RA	2.1 ± 0.9	< 0.001²	2.2 ± 1.0	< 0.001²	1.8 ± 0.8	< 0.001²	2.0 ± 1.0	< 0.001²
SpA	2.1 ± 0.8		2.2 ± 0.8		1.9 ± 0.8		2.0 ± 0.9
SLE	2.1 ± 1.0		2.1 ± 1.0		1.7 ± 0.7		1.9 ± 0.9
FM	2.7 ± 1.0		2.9 ± 1.1		2.2 ± 0.9		2.4 ± 1.1

↵1 P values were calculated by independent samples Student t test.
↵2 P values were calculated by ANOVA with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.
↵§ Primary versus secondary (p = 0.03).
↵¤ Employed versus unemployed (p < 0.01).
↵* Employed versus retired (p = 0.04). RA: rheumatoid arthritis; SpA: spondyloarthritis; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; FM: fibromyalgia.