Effects of hypoxia on synovial cell cytokine release. Tenosynovial tissue was enzymatically dissociated and cells were cultured in either 1% oxygen (hypoxia) or 21% oxygen (normoxia) for a period of 24 hours. Cytokine and receptor release (ng/ml) into supernatants was measured by ELISA. Data are shown as median (interquartile range) and were analyzed by paired t test (for Gaussian distribution: IL-10, soluble VEGF-R1, VEGF) or Wilcoxon signed-rank test (for nonparametric data: IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1) versus normoxia. Sivakumar B, et al, J Hand Surg Am 2008;33:49–58125; with permission from Elsevier.
| Variable | Normoxia | Hypoxia | n | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-6 | 8.64 (6.03–37.45) | 7.92 (5.06–38.46) | 12 | 0.677 |
| IL-8 | 3.11 (1.85–6.37) | 3.09 (1.92–7.61) | 12 | 0.622 |
| MCP-1 | 5.37 (2.06–31.80) | 2.25 (0.80–9.41) | 13 | 0.0002 |
| IL-10 | 2.86 (1.86–4.76) | 1.76 (0.86–2.99) | 12 | 0.001 |
| VEGF | 1.97 (0.79–3.92) | 4.86 (1.798–7.02) | 11 | 0.004 |
| Soluble VEGF-R1 | 0.16 (0.10–0.29) | 0.27 (0.15–0.43) | 14 | 0.001 |
IL-6: interleukin 6; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; VEGH: vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGF-R1: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1.