Demographic and clinical characteristics and MOCA performance of the study participants. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, except where indicated.
| Characteristics/MOCA Performance | SLE Patients, n = 18 | Controls, n = 18 | p* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, female/male | 16/2 | 16/2 | |
| Mean age, yrs | 27.50 ± 4.20 | 26.22 ± 2.29 | 0.265 |
| Education, yrs | 13.22 ± 1.26 | 12.89 ± 1.71 | 0.511 |
| Disease duration, yrs | 3.22 ± 1.86 | ||
| SLEDAI | 3.55 ± 2.12 | ||
| SLICC/DI | 0.44 ± 0.62 | ||
| C3, mg/dl, normal range 79–152 | 84.00 ± 37.91 | ||
| C4, mg/dl, normal range 16–38 | 16.11 ± 9.21 | ||
| Anti-dsDNA antibody titer | 9.00 ± 15.88 | ||
| Prednisolone, mg/day | 9.58 ± 5.64 | ||
| Visuospatial/executive | 5.00 ± 0.00 | 3.55 ± 0.86 | < 0.001 |
| Naming | 3.00 ± 0.00 | 3.00 ± 0.00 | |
| Attention | 5.94 ± 0.24 | 4.72 ± 0.96 | < 0.001 |
| Language | 2.56 ± 0.51 | 1.22 ± 0.43 | < 0.001 |
| Abstraction | 2.00 ± 0.00 | 1.72 ± 0.46 | 0.015 |
| Memory | 4.78 ± 0.43 | 4.28 ± 0.57 | 0.006 |
| Orientation | 5.94 ± 0.24 | 5.72 ± 0.46 | 0.07 |
| Total | 29.28 ± 0.75 | 25.00 ± 1.78 | < 0.001 |
↵* P values are based on t tests. MOCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; SLEDAI: SLE Disease Activity Index; SLICC/DI: Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index.