Author (yr)ref | Both Sexes | Women | Men | Study Design | SpA Type | Study Subject Origin | Info Sources | Diagnosis Criteria | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Diagnostic Delay, yrs | N | Diagnostic Delay, yrs | N | Diagnostic Delay, yrs | ||||||
Conigliaro P (2016)26 | 136 | 5.2 | 91 | NR | 45 | NR | CS | A/P | H | MR | ASAS |
Bandinelli F (2016)23 | 135 | NR | 44 | 6.3 ± 1.1 | 9.9 ± 0.8 | CS | A/P | H | MR | NY, ASAS | |
Seo M (2015)27 | 105 | 8 (3–4) | 24 | NR | 81 | NR | CS | A/P | H | MR/Q | ASAS |
Shahlaee A (2015)28 | 320 | NR | 67 | 8.8 | 253 | 8 | CS | A/P | H | Q | mNY |
Zhao J (2015)29 | 256 | 3.8 ± 2.0 | 30 | NR | 226 | NR | CS | A/P | H | MR | mNY |
Guan M (2014)30 | J: 50 | 5.3 ± 5.2 | 9 | NR | 41 | NR | CS | A/P | H | Q | mNY |
Adult: 89 | 2.8 ± 3.8 | 24 | NR | 65 | NR | ||||||
Bodur H (2012)21 | 1381 | 5 ± 6.8 | 343 | 5.3 | 1038 | 4.9 | CS | A/P | H | Q | mNY |
Ibn Yacoub Y (2012)31 | 130 | NR | 43 | 4.8 | 87 | 4.6 | CS | A/P | H | MR | mNY |
Gerdan V (2012)32 | 393 | 8.1 ± 8.6 | 135 | NR | 258 | NR | CS | A/P | H | Q | mNY |
Hamilton L (2011)33 | 807 | 8.57 | 298 | NR | 509 | NR | NR | H | Q | mNY | |
Hajialilo M (2014)34 | 60 | 6.2 ± 3.5 | 7 | 8.0 ± 4.7 | 53 | 5.9 ± 3.3 | CS | A/P | H | Q | mNY |
Chung HY (2011)35 | H+: 435 | 2.7 ± 4.2 | 212 | NR | 223 | NR | CS | A/P | H | MR | Amor/ESSG/ASAS/mNY |
H−: 273 | 3.7 ± 5.1 | 171 | NR | 102 | NR | ||||||
Slobodin G (2011)36 | 151 | NR | 72 | 5.7 | 79 | 5.9 | CS | A/P | H | MR | ASAS/mNY |
Roussou E (2011)37 | 516 | 6 | 344 | 6.3 | 172 | 5.6 | CS | A/P | H | Q | ESSG/ASAS/mNY |
Ma HJ (2012)22 | SC: 113 | NR | J: 4 | 10.8 | J: 39 | 8.4 | CS | A | H | Q | mNY |
A: 19 | 6.2 | A: 51 | 6.6 | ||||||||
NC:121 | NR | J: 6 | 2.1 | J: 35 | 2.2 | ||||||
A: 17 | 4.1 | A: 63 | 4 | ||||||||
Almodóvar R (2011)14 | F: 263 | 7.7 ± 9 | 326 | NR | 990 | NR | CS | A/P | H | R | mNY |
S: 1053 | 7.8 ± 9 | ||||||||||
Bakland G (2011)38 | 677 | 9 | 126 | NR | 551 | NR | CS | A/P | H | MR | mNY |
Cansu DU (2011)15 | 102 | 8.6 | 36 | NR | 66 | NR | CS | A/P | H | MR/Q | mNY |
Bakland G (2011)16 | 360 | 9.4 | 97 | NR | 263 | NR | CS | A/P | H | Q | mNY |
Almodóvar R (2010)13 | SpA: 443 | 7 ± 9 | 120 | NR | 342 | NR | CS | A | H | R | mNY |
SpA + FM: 19 | 8 ± 7 | ||||||||||
Atagunduz P (2010)19 | 235 | 6.7 | 96 | 7.4 | 139 | 6.2 | CS | A | H | MR/C | mNY |
Özgöcmen S (2009)39 | J: 43 | 5.0 | 4 | NR | 39 | NR | CS | A/P | H | MR | mNY |
Adult: 279 | 9.2 | 53 | NR | 226 | NR | ||||||
Nazarinia MA (2009)12 | 98 | 3.8 ± 0.8 | 27 | NR | 71 | NR | CS | A/P | H | MR/C | mNY |
Lin YC (2009)40 | J: 47 | 5.7 ± 6.3 | 6 | NR | 41 | NR | CS | A/P | H | Q | mNY |
Adult: 122 | 4.6 ± 6.8 | 21 | NR | 101 | NR | ||||||
Aggarwal R (2009)8 | 70 | 6.7 | 11 | 8.9 | 59 | 6.5 | CS | A | H | Q | mNY |
Dincer U (2008)41 | 111 | 6.0 ± 5.0 | 8 | 14.4 ± 14.2 | 103 | 5.3 ± 5.6 | CS | A/P | H | Q | mNY |
Reed MD (2008)42 | 126 | 8.1 | 35 | 10.2 | 91 | 7.3 | CS | A/P | H/PC | MR/C | mNY |
Forejtová S (2008)11 | 1001 | 9.1 | 379 | NR | 622 | NR | CS | A | SG | Q | mNY |
Lin Z (2008)43 | 238 | 5.9 ± 5.7 | 38 | 7.3 ± 7.1 | 204 | 5.7 ± 5.4 | CS | A/P | H | Q | mNY |
Aloush V (2007)18 | 36 | NR | 18 | 9.9 | 18 | 4.1 | CS | A | H | Q | mNY |
Uppal SS (2006)20 | 55 | 7.4 ± 1.9 | 10 | NR | 45 | NR | CS | A/P | H | MR/Q | ESSG |
Stone M (2005)44 | J: 326 | 15.3 ± 0.7 | 929 | NR | 1418 | NR | CS | A | SG | Q | NR |
Adult: 2021 | 7.6 ± 0.2 | ||||||||||
Feldtkeller E (2003)45 | 1080 | 8.8 | 389 | NR | 691 | NR | CS | A/P | SG | Q | mNY |
Zink A (2000)17 | 8776 | NR | 2729 | 6.1 | 6047 | 5.5 | CS | A/P | H | MR/Q | NR |
Koh WH (1993)46 | 38 | 7.25 | 9 | NR | 29 | NR | CS | A/P | H | MR | NY |
Carbone LD (1992)3 | 158 | 5.0 | 37 | NR | 121 | NR | CS | A/P | H | MR | mNY |
Ringsdal VS (1989)47 | 179 | NR | 48 | 12.6 | 131 | 9.5 | CS | A/P | SG | Q | NR |
Calin A (1988)2 | J: 129 | 8.7 | 32 | NR | 97 | NR | CS | A/P | SG | Q | NR |
E: 129 | 6.8 | 36 | NR | 93 | NR | ||||||
L: 129 | 7.2 | 38 | NR | 91 | NR | ||||||
Riesco M (1985)9 | 22 | NR | 22 | 13.2 | 0 | NR | CS | A/P | H | MR | Rome |
Marks SH (1983)48 | 50 | NR | 25 | 12.8 | 25 | 10.3 | CC | A/P | H | MR | NR |
Goodman C (1980)10 | 12 | NR | 12 | 11.5 | 0 | NR | CS | NR | H | Q | NR |
Hill H (1976)1 | 39 | NR | 39 | 10 | 0 | NR | CS | NR | H | MR | NR |
J: juvenile; E: early; L: late; SpA: spondyloarthritis; FM: fibromyalgia; SC: Southern China; NC: Northern China; F: familial; S: sporadic; H+: HLA-B27+; H−: HLA-B27–negative; CS: cross-sectional; CC: case control; A: axial; P: peripheral; H: hospital; PC: primary care; C: community; SG: support groups; MR: medical records; Q: questionnaire; R: register; NY: New York; mNY: modified New York; ESSG: European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group; ASAS: Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society; NR: not reported.