Treatment | Reference | OR (95% CrI) | RR (95% CrI) | RD % (95% Crl) |
---|---|---|---|---|
MMF | CS | 4.38 (1.02–23.87) | 3.53 (1.01–13.93) | 16.41 (0.14–45.54) |
CYC | 6.64 (1.97–25.71) | 4.77 (1.76–15.28) | 24.68 (7.75–46.17) | |
AZA | 3.21 (0.79–14.55) | 2.77 (0.81–10.41) | 11.54 (−2.03 to 32.09) | |
TAC | 9.11 (1.13–70.99) | 5.71 (1.12–21.29) | 31.49 (1.00–72.68) | |
CYC LD | 2.92 (0.44–23.72) | 2.57 (0.46–12.98) | 9.92 (−5.40 to 46.77) | |
CYC HD | 3.87 (0.84–22.88) | 3.21 (0.86–13.33) | 14.24 (−1.44 to 45.43) | |
LEF HD | 4.73 (0.52–50.87) | 3.73 (0.55–17.89) | 17.43 (−4.13 to 66.57) | |
CYC + AZA | 8.46 (1.99–43.61) | 5.54 (1.78–19.06) | 30.10 (7.37–60.42) | |
CYC | MMF | 1.51 (0.40–5.38) | 1.34 (0.55–3.64) | 7.69 (−19.49 to 30.43) |
AZA | 0.73 (0.23–2.16) | 0.78 (0.33–1.87) | −4.82 (−27.82 to 11.61) | |
TAC | 2.01 (0.29–14.37) | 1.58 (0.39–5.06) | 13.63 (−20.88 to 55.34) | |
CYC LD | 0.66 (0.17–2.46) | 0.72 (0.22–1.86) | −5.74 (−25.63 to 18.27) | |
CYC HD | 0.88 (0.46–1.84) | 0.91 (0.54–1.56) | −2.00 (−13.73 to 11.78) | |
LEF HD | 1.05 (0.21–6.23) | 1.04 (0.26–2.98) | 0.82 (−21.65 to 39.62) | |
CYC + AZA | 1.92 (0.48–7.93) | 1.55 (0.61–4.30) | 12.65 (−15.03 to 41.73) | |
AZA | CYC | 0.49 (0.13–1.73) | 0.59 (0.21–1.50) | −12.68 (−36.26 to 10.19) |
TAC | 1.35 (0.25–7.29) | 1.21 (0.34–2.66) | 6.54 (−22.57 to 43.94) | |
CYC LD | 0.44 (0.08–2.67) | 0.54 (0.12–1.85) | −13.78 (−37.98 to 21.18) | |
CYC HD | 0.59 (0.15–2.48) | 0.68 (0.22–1.82) | −9.71 (−32.67 to 19.47) | |
LEF HD | 0.70 (0.09–6.14) | 0.78 (0.14–2.65) | −6.67 (−34.88 to 40.70) | |
CYC + AZA | 1.28 (0.36–4.90) | 1.17 (0.48–2.64) | 5.29 (−20.65 to 35.44) | |
TAC | AZA | 2.79 (0.37–20.31) | 2.04 (0.45–6.53) | 19.19 (−14.19 to 60.88) |
CYC LD | 0.90 (0.18–4.53) | 0.92 (0.22–2.97) | −1.33 (−20.01 to 29.46) | |
CYC HD | 1.21 (0.37–4.40) | 1.16 (0.44–3.04) | 2.80 (−14.38 to 28.19) | |
LEF HD | 1.44 (0.22–11.68) | 1.32 (0.27–4.67) | 5.59 (−17.83 to 51.19) | |
CYC + AZA | 2.65 (0.67–10.99) | 1.99 (0.74–5.49) | 18.10 (−6.89 to 47.20) | |
CYC LD | TAC | 0.32 (0.03–3.41) | 0.46 (0.09–2.47) | −19.48 (−62.91 to 21.60) |
CYC HD | 0.44 (0.06–3.46) | 0.57 (0.16–2.56) | −15.74 (−57.57 to 21.10) | |
LEF HD | 0.52 (0.04–7.53) | 0.66 (0.11–3.64) | −12.09 (−57.96 to 40.90) | |
CYC + AZA | 0.96 (0.13–7.56) | 0.97 (0.33–4.23) | −1.00 (−45.12 to 39.07) | |
CYC HD | CYC LD | 1.34 (0.39–4.93) | 1.25 (0.51–3.93) | 3.80 (−18.20 to 23.34) |
LEF HD | 1.61 (0.24–12.75) | 1.42 (0.31–6.27) | 6.46 (−22.19 to 48.39) | |
CYC + AZA | 2.92 (0.49–18.24) | 2.14 (0.64–9.84) | 18.62 (−14.69 to 49.07) | |
LEF HD | CYC HD | 1.19 (0.27–6.00) | 1.14 (0.33–3.02) | 2.72 (−17.80 to 38.82) |
CYC + AZA | 2.18 (0.52–8.96) | 1.71 (0.65–4.96) | 14.64 (−12.95 to 42.62) | |
CYC + AZA | LEF HD | 1.83 (0.21–14.33) | 1.49 (0.42–7.99) | 11.39 (−34.65 to 45.37) |
Random-effect model | Residual deviance | 38.65 vs 37 data points | ||
Deviance information criteria | 167.538 | |||
Fixed-effect model | Residual deviance | 41.1 vs 37 data points | ||
Deviance information criteria | 168.295 | |||
Total patients, n | 1423 | |||
Total studies, n | 17 | |||
2-arm, n | 15 | |||
3-arm, n | 1 | |||
4-arm, n | 1 |
HD PRED was defined as one of the following: (1) PRED or methylprednisolone 1 gm/m2 QD IV × 3 at entry, and then 1 dose IV Q month for 1 year, and (2) PRED 1 mg/kg PO daily with a slow taper up to 1 year. PRED was defined as one of the following: (1) PRED 40 mg PO QOD for 8 weeks, and then taper to 10 mg QD within a year, and (2) 60 mg QD for 1–3 months reduced to 20 mg/day by 6 months (SD). LD CYC: IV CYC 500 mg Q 14 days × 6 doses. CYC, SD: IV CYC 0.5–1.0 gm/m2 Q2 month for 1 year or PO CYC 1–4 mg/kg daily for 3–4 years. HD CYC: IV CYC 0.5–1.0 gm/m2 Q month × 6–9 months, and then Q3 months for 0.5–4 years or PO CYC 10 mg/kg daily. HD LEF was LEF at 1 mg/kg QD × 3 days, and then 30 mg QD × 6 months. Significant data are in bold face. RR: relative risk; RD: risk difference; CrI: credible interval; MMF: mycophenolate mofetil; CYC: cyclophosphamide; AZA: azathioprine; TAC: tacrolimus; SD: standard dose; LD: low dose (when not specified, SD should be inferred); HD: high dose; LEF: leflunomide; CS: corticosteroids; PRED: prednisone; QD: once daily; IV: intravenous; Q month: once every month; PO: oral; QOD: every other day; Q2: every 2; Q3: every 3.