Cause of death | Total SLE | Childhood-onset | Adult-onset |
---|---|---|---|
SLE-related disease | 26 | 6 | 20 |
Interstitial lung disease | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Alveolar hemorrhage | 3 | 1 | 2 |
Pulmonary hypertension | 3 | 0 | 3 |
Autoimmune hepatitis | 3 | 1 | 2 |
Lupus enteritis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Renal failure | 2 | 1 | 1 |
CNS lupus | 2 | 1 | 1 |
Bronchiolitis obliterans | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Unknown* | 9 | 1 | 8 |
Infectious disease | 11 | 1 | 10 |
Pneumonia | 8 | 1 | 7 |
Panperitonitis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Sepsis, unknown origin | 1 | 0 | 1 |
CNS infection | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 4 | 0 | 4 |
Cerebral hemorrhage | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Ischemic heart diseases | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Malignancy | 4 | 0 | 4 |
Pancreas | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Lymphoma | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Lung | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Stomach | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Others | 8 | 2 | 6 |
Interstitial tubular nephritis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Obstetric complication | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Accident/suicide | 4 | 1 | 3 |
Wilson disease | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Unknown | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Total | 53 | 9 | 44 |
↵* Patients who died who had no specific organ involvement but high disease activity were classified into “unknown” among the SLE-related disease. SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; CNS: central nervous system.