Patient characteristics and clinical outcome of patients with axSpA, stratified for BMI categories. Values are n (%), mean ± SD, or median (range).
| Characteristics | All Patients, n = 461 | Normal Weight, < 25.0 kg/m2, n = 188 | Overweight, 25.0 to < 30.0 kg/m2, Obese, n = 173 | ≥ 30.0 kg/m2, n = 100 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs | 45.3 ± 12.8 | 40.3 ± 12.1 | 48.2 ± 12.4* | 49.6 ±11.6* |
| Male | 303 (66) | 117 (63) | 124 (72) | 62 (62) |
| Symptom duration, yrs | 17 (0–61) | 13 (0–53) | 20 (1–61)* | 19 (0–54)* |
| Time since diagnosis, yrs | 8 (0–54) | 7 (0–41) | 10 (0–48) | 8 (0–54) |
| HLA-B27+ | 361 (80) | 155 (84) | 138 (82) | 68 (69)*† |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.5 ± 4.6 | 22.3 ± 1.9 | 27.2 ± 1.4 | 33.2 ± 3.1 |
| History of IBD | 62 (14) | 26 (14) | 19 (11) | 17 (17) |
| History of uveitis | 146 (33) | 63 (34) | 55 (32) | 28 (28) |
| History of psoriasis | 52 (11) | 16 (9) | 23 (13) | 13 (13) |
| Presence of peripheral arthritis | 16 (4) | 9 (5) | 4 (2) | 3 (3) |
| Presence of entheseal involvement | 160 (36) | 63 (35) | 57 (34) | 40 (42) |
| NSAID use | 228 (50) | 94 (50) | 80 (46) | 54 (54) |
| DMARD use | 32 (7) | 16 (9) | 10 (6) | 6 (6) |
| TNF-α inhibitor use | 204 (44) | 79 (42) | 84 (49) | 41 (41) |
| Comorbidity | 198 (43) | 55 (30) | 82 (48)* | 61 (62)*† |
| CVD | 35 (8) | 10 (5) | 14 (8) | 11 (11) |
| Hypertension | 105 (23) | 15 (8) | 45 (26)* | 45 (45)*† |
| Diabetes | 16 (4) | 3 (2) | 6 (4) | 7 (7) |
| Lung disease | 28 (6) | 8 (4) | 11 (6) | 9 (9) |
| Ulcer/stomach disease | 5 (1) | 1 (1) | 3 (2) | 1 (1) |
| Kidney disease | 5 (1) | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 1 (1) |
| Liver disease | 3 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
| Anemia/blood disease | 6 (1) | 3 (2) | 2 (1) | 1 (1) |
| Cancer | 6 (1) | 4 (2) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
| Depression | 12 (3) | 7 (4) | 3 (3) | 3 (3) |
| OA or FM | 20 (4) | 7 (4) | 7 (4) | 6 (6) |
| Noninflammatory back pain | 6 (1) | 2 (1) | 4 (2) | 0 (0) |
| Other chronic rheumatic disease | 10 (2) | 3 (2) | 5 (3) | 2 (2) |
| Other‡ | 62 (13) | 14 (7) | 30 (17)* | 18 (18)* |
| BASDAI, 0–10 | 3.8 ± 2.3 | 3.8 ± 2.3 | 3.5 ± 2.1 | 4.5 ± 2.3*† |
| ASDAS | 2.4 ± 1.0 | 2.3 ± 1.0 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 2.8 ± 1.1*† |
| CRP, mg/l | 3 (0–94) | 3 (0–73) | 3 (1–94) | 5 (1–82)*† |
| ESR, mm/h | 9 (1–79) | 8 (1–71) | 8 (2–79) | 13 (2–66)*† |
| BASFI, 0–10 | 3.3 (0–9.9) | 2.9 (0–9.1) | 2.9 (0–9.9) | 5.2 (0.1–9.7)*† |
| ASQoL, 0–18 | 6 (0–18) | 5 (0–17) | 4 (0–17) | 8 (0–18)*† |
↵‡ Irritable bowel syndrome, other eye/skin problems, headache, thyroid problems, allergy, and osteoporosis.
↵* P values ≤ 0.05 compared with patients with normal weight.
↵† P values ≤ 0.05 compared with patients with overweight. axSpA: axial spondyloarthritis; BMI: body mass index; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; NSAID: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug; DMARD: disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; CVD: cardiovascular disease; OA: osteoarthritis; FM: fibromyalgia syndrome; BASDAI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index; ASDAS: Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score; CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; BASFI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index; ASQoL: Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life questionnaire.