Clinical characteristics of patients with SLE-IPO and controls. Values are mean ± standard error or n (%) unless otherwise specified.
| Variable | Cases, n = 85 | Control, n = 255 | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Female | 82 (96.5) | 246 (96.5) | 1 |
| Age, yrs | 32.4 ± 1.3 | 32.3 ± 0.8 | 0.975 |
| Clinical manifestations | |||
| SLE onset age, yrs | 29.7 ± 1.3 | 32.4 ± 2.7 | 0.594 |
| Disease duration, mos | 32.9 ± 5.5 | 52.2 ± 4.7 | 0.011 |
| Mucosal ulcers | 20 (23.5) | 41 (16.1) | 0.338 |
| Alopecia | 42 (49.4) | 57 (22.3) | 0.01 |
| Arthritis | 34 (40.0) | 96 (37.6) | 0.789 |
| Polyserositis | 68 (80.0) | 102 (40.0) | < 0.001 |
| Nephrotic syndrome | 14 (16.5) | 117 (45.8) | 0.01 |
| Nervous system disturbance | 15 (17.6) | 57 (22.4) | 0.426 |
| Pyeloureterectasis | 50 (58.8) | 5 (2.0) | < 0.001 |
| Laboratory tests | |||
| Hematological disturbance | 50 (58.8) | 109 (43.0) | 0.013 |
| Thrombocytopenia | 26 (30.6) | 56 (21.9) | 0.129 |
| Leukocytopenia | 38 (47.7) | 55 (21.6) | < 0.001 |
| Elevated ESR | 53 (62.4) | 173 (67.8) | 0.97 |
| Elevated CRP | 40 (47.1) | 75 (29.3) | 0.001 |
| Hypoalbuminemia | 63 (74.1) | 146 (57.2) | 0.007 |
| Hypocomplementemia | 77 (90.6) | 169 (66.3) | < 0.001 |
| ANA positivity | 79 (92.9) | 196 (76.9) | 0.001 |
| Anti-dsDNA antibody positivity | 30 (35.3) | 121 (47.5) | 0.055 |
| Anti-SSA antibody positivity | 50 (58.8) | 116 (45.5) | 0.046 |
| Anti-SSB antibody positivity | 16 (18.8) | 11 (4.3) | < 0.001 |
| ANCA positivity | 2 (2.4) | 5 (1.9) | 0.724 |
| SLEDAI | 12.1 ± 0.8 | 10.0 ± 0.4 | 0.017 |
| High-dose steroids pulse | 44 (51.8) | 100 (39.2) | 0.094 |
| Mortality | 6 (7.1) | 14 (5.5) | 0.598 |
Statistically significant values (p < 0.05) are in bold face. SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; IPO: intestinal pseudo-obstruction; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP: C-reactive protein; ANA: antinuclear antibody; SLEDAI: SLE Disease Activity Index; ANCA: antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies.