Baseline characteristics of study subjects (n = 32). Values are mean (SD) or median (interquartile range) unless otherwise specified.
| Clinical Characteristics | Milnacipran First, n = 17 | Placebo First, n = 15 |
|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs | 54.2 (11.3) | 53.8 (14.1) |
| RA disease duration, yrs | 13.2 (11.8) | 9.37 (11.0) |
| Female, n (%) | 13 (76.5) | 12 (80.0) |
| White, n (%) | 11 (64.7) | 11 (73.3) |
| RF/CCP-positive, n (%) | 13 (76.5) | 7 (46.7) |
| DMARD use, n (%) | ||
| Nonbiologic | 11 (64.7) | 10 (66.7) |
| Biologic | 8 (47.1) | 6 (40.0) |
| Oral glucocorticoid use, n (%) | 5 (29.4) | 6 (40.0) |
| Glucocorticoid dose, mg of prednisone equivalents* | 4.4 (3.3) | 6.7 (7.0) |
| Meets ACR 2010 criteria, n (%) | 14 (82.4) | 12 (80.0) |
| SJC, 0–28** | 0 (0.0–1.0) | 1 (0.0–4.0) |
| Swollen wrists and/or knees, n (%) | 4 (23.5) | 3 (20.0) |
| TJC, 0–28** | 3 (2.0–7.0) | 8 (4.0–14.0) |
| Tender wrists and/or knees, n (%) | 11 (64.7) | 10 (66.7) |
| CRP | 1.8 (0.5–3.6) | 1.2 (0.5–3.3) |
| DAS28-CRP, 1–10 | 3.0 (2.6–3.6) | 3.6 (3.3–4.2) |
| Tender point count, 0–18 | 7 (3.0–8.0) | 7 (3.0–12.0) |
| HADS anxiety score, 0–21 | 5.7 (4.7) | 6.3 (4.6) |
| HADS depression score, 0–21 | 4.0 (4.6) | 4.5 (3.3) |
| Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Problems | ||
| Index II score, 0–100 | 45.4 (20.3) | 47.0 (20.2) |
| Pain Catastrophizing Scale score, 0–52 | 33.1 (14.9) | 29.7 (12.8) |
| Regional Pain Scale, 0–19 | 9.1 (4.2) | 11.6 (3.4) |
| Symptom Intensity Scale, 0–9.75 | 5.2 (4.0) | 6.0 (1.3) |
| Brief Pain Inventory short form pain intensity, 0–10 | 6.2 (1.7) | 5.7 (1.6) |
↵* Among participants taking prednisone.
↵** SJC and TJC were done according to the guidelines for the DAS28. RA: rheumatoid arthritis; RF: rheumatoid factor; CCP: cyclic citrullinated peptide; DMARD: disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; ACR: American College of Rheumatology; SJC: swollen joint count; TJC: tender joint count; CRP: C-reactive protein; DAS28: Disease Activity Score at 28 joints; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.