Clinical and demographic characteristics of women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who have normal pregnancies and women with SLE who eventually developed preeclampsia.
| Variable | Normal Pregnancies, n = 75 | Late-onset Preeclampsia, n = 22 | p | Early-onset Preeclampsia, n = 20 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age, yrs | 29.8 ± 4.9 | 26.1 ± 5.5 | 0.02a | 29.3 ± 5.8 | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.4 ± 4.4 | 26.0 ± 3.6 | 28.4 ± 5.1 | ||
| Gravidity | 2 (1–6) | 2 (1–6) | 2 (1–6) | ||
| Miscarriage | 0 (0–4) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–4) | ||
| Nulliparity, n (%) | 32 (42.7) | 5 (22.7) | 5 (25.0) | ||
| Prior preeclampsia, n (%) | 9 (12.0) | 3 (13.6) | 5 (25.0) | ||
| Smoker, n (%) | 18 (24.0) | 3 (13.6) | 2 (10.0) | ||
| SLE disease duration, yrs | 5.8 ± 2.9 | 5.2 ± 3.8 | 4.3 ± 2.8 | ||
| PDN dosage at followup, mg/day | 5 (0–60) | 10 (0–50) | 0.01a | 5 (0–50) | |
| Treatment with chloroquine, n (%) | 31 (41.3) | 5 (22.7) | 9 (45.0) | ||
| Treatment with azathioprine, n (%) | 10 (13.3) | 5 (22.7) | 2 (10.0) | ||
| Antiphospholipid syndrome, n (%) | 8 (10.7) | 5 (22.7) | 10 (50.0) | < 0.001a | |
| Previous SLE manifestations to pregnancy, n (%) | |||||
| Renal involvement | 27 (36.0) | 13 (59.1) | 5 (25.0) | ||
| Arthritis | 64 (85.3) | 19 (86.4) | 20 (100.0) | ||
| Mucocutaneous | 54 (72.0) | 15 (68.2) | 12 (60.0) | ||
| Hematological | 6 (8.0) | 6 (27.3) | 0.04a | 5 (25.0) | |
| Neurological | 2 (2.7) | 1 (4.5) | 1 (5.0) | ||
| Serositis | 3 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (15.0) | ||
| Chronic hypertension | 4 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (15.0) | ||
| Serum creatinine*, mg/dl | 0.6 (0.32–0.85) | 0.6 (0.48–1.17) | 0.6 (0.42–1.94) | ||
| Creatinine clearance*, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 135.4 ± 24.2 | 115.8 ± 33.4 | 0.02a | 133.5 ± 35.8 | |
| 24-h proteinuria*, mg | 102.4 (25.8–3129.2) | 159.2 (54.2–6424.7) | 0.01a | 110.8 (48.9–3362.1) | |
| Quiescent renal lupus, n (%) | 8 (10.7) | 8 (36.4) | 0.008a | 4 (20.0) | |
| SLE flares during pregnancy, n (%) | 6 (8.0) | 5 (22.7) | 2 (10.0) | ||
| Gestational age at delivery, weeks | 38.5 ± 0.6 | 36.0 ± 1.7 | < 0.001a | 27.2 ± 4.5 | < 0.001a,b |
| Infant birth weight, g | 3019 ± 243 | 2103 ± 350 | < 0.001a | 786 ± 405 | < 0.001a,b |
| Small for gestational age infant, n (%) | 0 | 16 (72.7) | < 0.001a | 15 (75.0) | < 0.001a |
| Stillbirths or neonatal deaths, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 12 (60.0) | < 0.001a,b | |
| Maternal death, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (5.0) | ||