The association (OR) among quartiles of serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, placental growth factor, and soluble endoglin concentrations, and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1/placental growth factor ratio and subsequent preeclampsia (late onset and early onset).
| Normal Pregnancies | Late-onset Preeclampsia | Early-onset Preeclampsia | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls | Cases | OR (95% CI) | Cases | OR (95% CI) | |
| sFlt-1, pg/ml | |||||
| 12 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q4: ≥ 980.0 | 18 | 17 | 9.9 (2.4–40.9) | 19 | 199.9 (10.2–3919) |
| Q1–3: < 980.0 | 57 | 5 | 1.0 | 1 | 1.0 |
| 20 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q4: ≥ 1523.1 | 19 | 10 | 2.7 (0.7–9.6) | 18 | 39.0 (5.6–271.6) |
| Q1–3: < 1523.1 | 56 | 11 | 1.0 | 2 | 1.0 |
| 20 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q4: ≥ 2130.5 | 18 | 13 | 4.3 (1.2–15.0) | 16 | 26.0 (4.4–154.9) |
| Q1–3: < 2130.5 | 57 | 9 | 1.0 | 2 | 1.0 |
| 24 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q4: ≥ 2716.6 | 19 | 17 | 15.0 (3.2–69.5) | 15 | 24.0 (4.0–144.3) |
| Q1–3: < 2716.6 | 56 | 5 | 1.0 | 2 | 1.0 |
| 28 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q4: ≥ 3234.0 | 19 | 19 | 30.4 (4.7–194.9) | 8 | 37.3 (3.3–426.4) |
| Q1–3: < 3234.0 | 56 | 3 | 1.0 | 1 | 1.0 |
| 32 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q4: ≥ 4253.8 | 19 | 22 | ND | 3 | ND |
| Q1–3: < 4253.8 | 56 | 0 | ND | 0 | ND |
| 36 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q4: ≥ 5235.2 | 19 | 11 | ND | ||
| Q1–3: < 5235.2 | 56 | 0 | ND | ||
| PlGF, pg/ml | |||||
| 12 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q2–4: > 39.4 | 56 | 8 | 1.0 | 3 | 1.0 |
| Q1: ≤ 39.4 | 19 | 14 | 10.6 (2.5–45.6) | 17 | 27.0 (4.1–178.6) |
| 16 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q2–4: > 78.5 | 56 | 9 | 1.0 | 3 | 1.0 |
| Q1: ≤ 78.5 | 19 | 13 | 5.0 (1.4–18.3) | 17 | 28.5 (4.3–188.5) |
| 20 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q2–4: > 166.3 | 56 | 8 | 1.0 | 3 | 1.0 |
| Q1: ≤ 166.3 | 19 | 14 | 7.7 (1.9–31.9) | 15 | 54.2 (4.8–610.9) |
| 24 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q2–4: > 296.9 | 56 | 2 | 1.0 | 1 | 1.0 |
| Q1: ≤ 296.9 | 19 | 20 | 59.6 (5.0–707.1) | 16 | 47.2 (5.9–379.8) |
| 28 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q2–4: > 423.9 | 56 | 1 | 1.0 | 0 | ND |
| Q1: ≤ 423.9 | 19 | 21 | 516.2 (10.9–24,392) | 9 | ND |
| 32 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q2–4: > 291.4 | 56 | 1 | 1.0 | 0 | ND |
| Q1: ≤ 291.4 | 19 | 21 | 516.2 (10.9–24,392) | 3 | ND |
| 36 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q2–4: > 291.4 | 56 | 1 | 1.0 | ||
| Q1: ≤ 291.4 | 19 | 10 | 64.1 (2.2–1838) | ||
| sFlt-1/PlGF ratio | |||||
| 12 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q4: ≥ 21.9 | 19 | 14 | 8.8 (2.1–36.9) | 20 | ND |
| Q1–3: < 21.9 | 56 | 8 | 1.0 | 0 | ND |
| 16 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q4: ≥ 14.0 | 19 | 19 | 27.1 (4.4–168.5) | 20 | ND |
| Q1–3: < 14.0 | 56 | 3 | 1.0 | 0 | ND |
| 20 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q4: ≥ 10.4 | 19 | 16 | 7.3 (1.9–28.4) | 18 | ND |
| Q1–3: < 10.4 | 56 | 6 | 1.0 | 0 | ND |
| 24 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q4: ≥ 7.5 | 19 | 19 | 17.2 (3.4–86.1) | 17 | ND |
| Q1–3: < 7.5 | 56 | 3 | 1.0 | 0 | ND |
| 28 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q4: ≥ 6.3 | 19 | 20 | 46.9 (5.2–426.6) | 8 | ND |
| Q1–3: < 6.3 | 56 | 2 | 1.0 | 0 | ND |
| 32 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q4: ≥ 12.2 | 19 | 21 | 1334 (9.7–1834) | 3 | ND |
| Q1–3: < 12.2 | 56 | 1 | 1.0 | 0 | ND |
| 36 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q4: ≥ 25.0 | 19 | 10 | 67.0 (2.2–2045) | ||
| Q1–3: < 25.0 | 56 | 1 | 1.0 | ||
| sEng, ng/ml | |||||
| 12 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q4: ≥ 7.6 | 21 | 12 | 4.5 (1.1–18.4) | 19 | 70.1 (6.2–797.7) |
| Q1–3: < 7.6 | 54 | 10 | 1.0 | 1 | 1.0 |
| 16 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q4: ≥ 7.7 | 19 | 11 | 4.5 (1.1–20.2) | 18 | 38.1 (5.5–263.1) |
| Q1–3: < 7.7 | 56 | 11 | 1.0 | 2 | 1.0 |
| 20 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q4: ≥ 8.2 | 21 | 13 | 4.5 (1.2–16.8) | 16 | 16.2 (2.9–88.8) |
| Q1–3: < 8.2 | 54 | 9 | 1.0 | 2 | 1.0 |
| 24 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q4: ≥ 8.96 | 20 | 17 | 8.9 (2.2–36.6) | 17 | ND |
| Q1–3: < 8.9 | 55 | 5 | 1.0 | 0 | ND |
| 28 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q4: ≥ 10.6 | 20 | 17 | 11.9 (2.7–53.0) | 9 | ND |
| Q1–3: < 10.6 | 55 | 5 | 1.0 | 0 | ND |
| 32 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q4: ≥ 13.8 | 19 | 21 | 137.2 (9.8–1913) | 3 | ND |
| Q1–3: < 13.8 | 56 | 1 | 1.0 | 0 | ND |
| 36 weeks of gestation | |||||
| Q4: ≥ 16.2 | 19 | 11 | ND | ||
| Q1–3: < 16.2 | 56 | 0 | ND | ||
Quartiles (Q) were determined on the basis of the distribution among women with SLE who had normal pregnancies (controls). For the OR shown in the highest quartile (sFlt-1/PlGF ratio and sEng), the reference categories were the lower 3 quartiles, whereas for the OR shown in the lowest quartile (PlGF), the reference categories were the higher 3 quartiles. OR undefined because all measurements from SLE women destined to develop preeclampsia were located in the highest or lowest quartile. OR were adjusted for maternal age, median prednisone dosage at followup, prior hematological manifestations to pregnancy, antiphospholipid syndrome, SLE flare during pregnancy; and creatinine clearance and 24-h proteinuria at enrollment. SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; ND: not determined; sFlt-1: soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1; PlGF: placental growth factor; sEng: soluble endoglin.