Table 3.

Neuropsychological performances of corticosteroid-naive patients with SLE versus healthy controls: univariate analysis. Data are median (interquartile range).

Neurocognitive Tests	Patients with SLE, n = 43	Controls, n = 30	p
Digit Span, Forward^a	8 (7–9)	8 (6.8–9.3)	0.814
Trail Making Test, Part B^b	75 (65–95)	60.5 (54.8–78.3)	0.001^c
Digit Span, Backward^a	7 (6–8)	7 (6–8.3)	0.977
KWCST
Categories achieved	5 (1–6)	5 (3.8–6)	0.148
Total errors^b	13 (9.8–20.3)	11 (10–13.3)	0.126
Perseverative errors^b	0 (0–2)	0 (0–1)	0.190
Difficulty of maintaining set^b	1 (0–3)	0 (0–2)	0.144
RAVLT
Trial I to V, immediate recall	55 (48–61)	60 (53.8–64)	0.022^c
Trial VII, delayed recall	13 (11–14)	13 (12–14)	0.256
Recognition	14 (13–15)	14 (14–15)	0.722
Block Design^a	45 (42–49)	47 (42.8–51.5)	0.090
Word Fluency Test (Animal Naming)	17 (16–20)	18.5 (17–22.3)	0.099
Similarities^a	18 (16–21)	20 (17.5–22.3)	0.066
Trail Making Test, Part A^b	65 (54–78)	51.5 (43.8–59.8)	0.001^c
Digit Symbol Substitution^a	65 (61–73)	79 (68.8–85.3)	< 0.001^c

P values were determined by Mann-Whitney U test.
↵a Subsets of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised.
↵b Higher score signifies worse function.
↵c Significant variables. KWCST: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Keio version; RAVLT: Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test.