Table 4.

Associations between QTc and inflammatory markers according to tertiles before and after multivariable adjustments.

Inflammatory Marker	Measurement	Tertile			Univariate¹		Multivariable²
		1	2	3	F	p	Age		A		B or C³
		1	2	3	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
CRP	mg/ml	≤ 7.0	8–13	> 14
n		44	31	37
QT_BAZ	ms	417.4 ± 22.9	425.5 ± 18.4	428.0 ± 24.2	2.552	0.083	2.675	0.073	4.078	0.020^*^†	2.497	0.087
QT_FHS	ms	410.9 ± 19.2	414.5 ± 17.0	412.8 ± 17.6	0.362	0.697	0.375	0.688	1.760	1.155	0.177	0.319
IL-6	pg/ml	≤ 6.3	6.31–37.23	> 37.24
n		38	37	37
QT_BAZ	ms	417.0 ± 20.7	426.3 ± 21.4	426.3 ± 24.6	2.214	0.114	0.954	0.388	0.972	0.382	0.615	0.543
QT_FHS	ms	409.5 ± 16.0	415.1 ± 17.5	413.1 ± 20.2	0.942	0.393	0.892	0.413	0.505	0.605	0.245	0.783
TNF-α	pg/ml	≤ 6.14	6.15–23.99	> 24.0
n		38	37	37
QT_BAZ	ms	419.1 ± 23.5	421.4 ± 20.8	429.2 ± 22.5	2.109	0.126	1.174	0.313	0.883	0.417	1.320	0.271
QT_FHS	ms	408.6 ± 15.7	410.8 ± 17.3	418.4 ± 19.7	3.153	0.047^†	1.823	0.167	1.381	0.256	1.570	0.213
IL-1α	pg/ml	0.0	0.01–9.45	> 9.46
n		41	34	37
QT_BAZ	ms	422.9 ± 27.4	419.1 ± 18.1	427.1 ± 19.9	1.123	0.329	1.036	0.358	1.214	0.301	0.860	0.426
QT_FHS	ms	410.8 ± 17.9	410.1 ± 16.7	416.8 ± 18.9	1.549	0.217	0.248	0.781	1.141	0.323	0.907	0.407
IL-1β	pg/ml	≤ 0.45	0.46–3.51	> 3.52
n		38	37	37
QT_BAZ	ms	418.4 ± 26.2	423.9 ± 21.2	427.2 ± 19.2	1.460	0.237	0.860	0.426	0.507	0.604	0.838	0.435
QT_FHS	ms	408.2 ± 17.1	411.7 ± 18.0	412.5 ± 18.0	2.806	0.065	2.004	0.140	1.584	0.210	1.800	0.170
IL-10	pg/ml	0.0	0.01–2.0	> 2.01
n		40	35	37
QT_BAZ	ms	413.4 ± 20.8	429.8 ± 23.7	427.4 ± 19.9	6.506	0.002^*^†	5.555	0.005^*^†	3.255	0.042^*^†	4.212	0.017^*^†
QT_FHS	ms	405.6 ± 14.9	415.6 ± 18.2	417.1 ± 19.0	4.989	0.008^*^†	3.976	0.022^*^†	2.498	0.087	3.344	0.039^†

Values in bold face are the cytokine concentration in each tertile.
↵1 Univariate analysis performed using 1-way ANOVA with Tukey posthoc test.
↵2 Multivariable analysis performed with adjustments for age alone: model A (age, sex, presence of ischemic heart disease, and hydroxychloroquine use), and
↵3 either model B (age, sex, β blocker use, and hydroxychloroquine use for QT_BAZ) or model C (age, sex, presence of hypercholesterolemia, and hydroxychloroquine use for QT_FHS), with least significant difference posthoc test. Posthoc significance p < 0.05.
↵* tertile 1 vs 2,
↵† tertile 1 vs 3. QTc: corrected QT; CRP: C-reactive protein; QT_BAZ: QT corrected using the Bazett formula; QT_FHS: QT corrected using the Framingham Heart Study formula; IL: interleukin; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α.