Table 2.

Reduction of brain activity by placebo and naproxen. Reductions defined as brain response differences within the contrast: fMRI painful blocks versus control rest blocks. Comparisons between (1) no treatment versus naproxen, (2) no treatment versus placebo, and (3) placebo versus naproxen.

Region of Interest	Peak Coordinates, MNI^a, (Region Volume, mm³)	T^b	p^b
No treatment vs naproxen
Pain–processing network core regions
Superior parietal cortex	−24 / −57 / 63 (1.404)	3.58	< 0.001
Supramarginal gyrus	69 / −42 / 18 (1.134)	3.22	0.001
Insula/SII	42 / −18 / 12 (864)	3.08	0.002
Anterior cingulate cortex–SMA	−15 / −18 / 54 (378)	3.16	0.001
Lateral frontal cortex	54 / 36 / −6 (1.620)	3.66	< 0.001
No treatment vs placebo
Pain–processing network core regions
Thalamus	3 / −18 / 0 (459)	2.80	0.003
Supramarginal gyrus	−69 / −24 / 24 (1.269)	3.50	< 0.001
Lateral frontal cortex	51 / 27 / −9 (378)	2.82	0.003
Other regions of interest
Medial frontal cortex	−12 / 48 / 33 (1.053)	3.93	< 0.001
Hippocampus	39 / −12 / −15 (594)	3.09	0.001
Cerebellum	−12 / −60 / −24 (1.944)	3.26	0.001
Placebo vs naproxen
Pain–processing network core regions
Supramarginal gyrus	−33 / −18 / 9 (1.134)	4.17	< 0.001
Insula	−42 / 6 / 9 (567)	2.91	0.002
Insula–basal ganglia	24 / 21 / 6 (702)	2.93	0.002
Anterior cingulate cortex–SMA	6 / 27 / 18 (270)	3.88	< 0.001
Other regions of interest
Amygdala	21 / 6 / −15 (621)	3.25	0.001

Bold face represents regions with significant results at p ≤ 0.001.
↵a x/y/z coordinates (sagittal/coronal/axial) for points showing the greater (peak) difference are given in MNI space. MNI space is based on a standard anatomical brain template that enables the comparison of results obtained across different studies.
↵b T and p values for the point showing the greater differences at the implicated region. MNI: Montreal Neurological Institute; SII: secondary somatosensory cortex; SMA: supplementary motor area; fMRI: functional magnetic resonance imaging.