Select publications evaluating insulin resistance in RA versus non-RA control subjects.
| Reference | No. Subjects | BMI | Visceral Fat | Insulin Resistance/sensitivity | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferraz-Amaro 20111 | 16 RA starting anti-TNF, 34 RA control, and 70 healthy control | Non-significant trend for lower in RA | ND in controls, in RA unchanged after anti-TNF-α | Greater IR (HOMA2-IR) in RA | |
| Ferraz-Amaro 20132 | 101 RA, 99 control | Similar | ND, but trend for larger waist in RA | Greater IR (HOMA-IR) and impaired insulin processing (split proinsulin levels) in RA | |
| Chung 20083 | 154 RA, 85 control | Similar | ND, but larger waist in RA | Greater IR (HOMA-IR) in RA | Average BMI overweight |
| Rosenvinge 20074 | 9 RA, 9 control | Similar | ND | Greater IR (hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp) in RA. | Average BMI overweight |
| Paolisso 19915 | 8 RA (+8 with other CTD), 10 healthy control | Similar | ND | Greater IR (IVGTT and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp) in the RA/CTD group | Average BMI overweight. IR did not improve after anti-TNF |
| Penesova 20136 | 22 RA, 15 controls | Similar | ND | Similar IR (OGTT, HOMA-IR). AUC for insulin inverse association with IL-6 | Controlled diet 2 weeks prior to study. IR correlated with inflammation |
| Hoes 20117 | 140 RA, 50 controls (selected for normal glucose tolerance) | Lower in RA | ND, but lower waist circumference in RA | Decreased IS and beta cell function (FSOGTT) in RA | Premenopausal females. BMI limit 18–25 kg/m2 |
| Dessein 20028 | 38 RA (+49 with other CTD), 30 control | Higher in RA/CTD | ND | Greater IR (HOMA-IR and QUICKI) in RA/CTD, but no difference after adjustment for ESR and BMI | More females in RA group. RA waist circumference associated with all measures of IS |
| Toussirot 20139 | 30 RA, 51 control | Similar | Greater visceral fat in RA by DEXA | Similar IR (HOMA-IR) |
RA: rheumatoid arthritis; BMI: body mass index; DEXA: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; IR: insulin resistance; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; ND: not done; IS: insulin sensitivity; FSOGTT: frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance test; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test, IVGTT: intravenous glucose tolerance test; CTD: connective tissue disease; QUICKI: quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; AUC: area under the curve; IL: interleukin; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate.