Association of abnormal audiovestibular symptoms with demographic and clinical variables in 60 patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).
| Variables | OR (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs, at the time of study, by yr | 1.05 (1.00–1.11) | 0.07 |
| Age, yrs, at the time of disease diagnosis, by yr | 1.02 (0.98–1.05) | 0.37 |
| Disease duration, mo | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.77 |
| Patterns of PsA | ||
| Polyarticular | 1.51 (0.53–4.24) | 0.43 |
| Oligoarticular | 0.57 (0.20–1.62) | 0.29 |
| Mutilans | N/A | |
| Distal interphalangeal joints only | 0.71 (0.04–11.8) | 0.81 |
| Spondylitis | 0.69 (0.13–3.73) | 0.66 |
| Presence of classic cardiovascular risk factors* | 0.51 (0.17–1.50) | 0.22 |
| CRP (mg/l) at disease diagnosis | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | 0.36 |
| ESR (mm/first h) at disease diagnosis | 1.02 (0.99–1.06) | 0.13 |
| CRP (mg/l) at the time of the study | 1.11 (1.00–1.23) | 0.06 |
| ESR (mm/first h) at the time of the study | 1.06 (1.00–1.12) | 0.05 |
| Patients treated with MTX alone | 0.42 (0.06–2.77) | 0.37 |
| Initially treated with MTX and then with other DMARD+ | 0.95 (0.15–6.06) | 0.96 |
| Patients treated with anti-TNF-α therapy# | 2.41 (0.67–8.70) | 0.18 |
↵* One or more of the following: hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and smoking history.
↵+ Conventional DMARD (generally leflunomide and less commonly sulfasalazine) or biologic DMARD–anti-TNF-α therapy (adalimumab, infliximab, or etanercept) alone or in combination with MTX.
↵# In most cases in combination with MTX. CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; MTX: methotrexate; DMARD: disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; N/A: not available.