Authors, (ref) | Yr of Publication | Remission Definition | Serologic Activity Permissible | Treatment Permissible | Remission Achieved, % (total n) | Remission Duration |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dubois (10) | 1956 | N/D | N/D | N/D | 38 (156) | Up to 26 yrs |
Dubois & Tuffanelli (11) | 1964 | N/D | N/D | N/D | 35 (520) | Up to 26 yrs |
Gladman, et al (4) | 1979 | Asymptomatic | Yes (all patients) | None | 7.8 (180) | 4.25 yrs (mean), 2–11 yrs (range) |
Tozman, et al (12) | 1982 | Absence of clinical manifestations of disease | No | None | 2.5 (160) | 75 mos (median) |
Heller & Schur (33) | 1985 | Asymptomatic without active organ involvement | No | AM, “low dose” CS | 4 (305) | 0.5–13 yrs (range) |
Walz LeBlanc, et al (34) | 1994 | Clinical SLEDAI = 0 over ≥ 3 consecutive clinic visits | Yes (all patients) | Any | N/D | N/D |
Drenkard, et al (3) | 1996 | ≥ 1 yr during which lack of clinical disease activity permitted withdrawal of all SLE treatment | Yes | None | 23 (667) | 4.6 ± 3.6 yrs (mean ± SD), 1–17.3 yrs (range) |
Barr, et al (35) | 1999 | Clinical SLEDAI or PGA = 0 for ≥ 1 yr (1 PGA to < 1.0 permissible) | Yes | N/D | 16 of patient-yrs of followup (204) | 2.3 ± 1.1 yrs (mean ± SD), 1.0–5.7 yrs (range) |
Formiga, et al (24) | 1999 | ≥ 1 yr during which lack of disease activity permitted SLE treatment withdrawal | Yes | None | 24 (100) | 55 mos (mean) |
Swaak, et al (36) | 1999 | Absence of disease-related signs with no need for treatment | N/D | None | 0 (187) | N/A |
Urowitz, et al (16) | 2005 | Clinical SLEDAI = 0 for ≥ 5 yrs | Yes | None | 1.7 (703) | 7.1 ± 5.3 yrs (mean ± SD), 5–17 yrs (range), 6 yrs (median) |
Nossent, et al (37) | 2010 | “By PGA” not otherwise defined, within 1st yr of SLE diagnosis | N/D | N/D | 27.5 (200) | N/D; 49% achieving remission maintained over 5-yr followup |
Steiman, et al (18) | 2010 | Clinical SLEDAI-2K = 0 for ≥ 2 yrs | Yes (all patients) | AM | 6.1 (924) | 182 weeks (mean), 158 weeks (median) |
Conti, et al (38) | 2012 | Clinical SLEDAI-2K = 0 for ≥ 2 yrs | Yes (all patients) | AM | 2.2 (45) | N/D |
N/D: not described; AM: antimalarials; CS: corticosteroids; SLEDAI: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; PGA: physician global assessment; N/A: not applicable.