Characteristic | SOLVABLE, n = 173 | CLD, n = 459 | p |
---|---|---|---|
Race/ethnicity, % | 0.176 | ||
White | 60.7 | 58.2 | |
Black | 28.3 | 24.1 | |
Asian | 4.6 | 5.3 | |
Hispanic | 6.4 | 11.2 | |
Other | 0.0 | 1.2 | |
Disease duration, yrs, mean ± SD | 11.9 ± 8.7 | 5.7 ± 6.9 | < 0.001 |
Age, yrs, mean ± SD | 42.6 ± 10.4 | 35.9 ± 11.5 | < 0.001 |
Smoking history, % | 40.5 | 30.6 | 0.017 |
Lupus renal disease, %a | 37.0 | 34.1 | 0.494 |
C4, mg/dl, mean ± SD | 19.4 ± 9.0 | 19.8 ± 10.9 | 0.701 |
C3, mg/dl, mean ± SD | 96.9 ± 27.3 | 96.7 ± 37.2 | 0.944 |
Positive anti-dsDNA, %b | 46.8 | 50.3 | 0.461 |
Hydroxychloroquine use, % | 774.6 | 47.5 | < 0.001 |
Corticosteroid use, % | 42.2 | 55.0 | 0.004 |
Immunosuppressant use, %c | 34.1 | 19.1 | < 0.001 |
↵a Defined as participants meeting American College of Rheumatology guidelines for lupus nephritis (proteinuria > 0.5 g/day or > 3+ by dipstick, and/or cellular casts, and/or renal biopsy demonstrating immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis)19.
↵b Defined as antibody titer ≥ 1:10 by C. luciliae method.
↵c Includes cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine, or tacrolimus. C4: complement 4; C3: complement 3.