Mean change in patient-reported outcomes between baseline and following 8 weeks intervention*.
| Outcome | Change | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EX + EP, n = 84 | EP, n = 81 | Difference Between Mean Changes | 95% CI of Difference Between Mean Changes | P | SMD‡ Estimate (95% CI) | |
| Primary outcome, Intention to treat analysis | ||||||
| KOOS/HOOS ADL | ||||||
| All patients | 5.0 ± 1.3 | −2.2 ± 1.3 | −7.2 | −10.9;−3.5 | 0.0002 | 0.45 (0.19, 0.70) |
| Knee OA | 2.6 ± 1.9 | −0.9 ± 1.9 | −3.5 | −8.8;1.8 | 0.1915 | 0.23 (−0.14, 0.60) |
| Hip OA | 7.3 ± 1.8 | −3.6 ± 1.8 | −10.9 | −15.9;−5.8 | < 0.0001 | 0.63 (0.26, 1.00) |
| Primary outcome, per protocol analysis† | ||||||
| KOOS/HOOS ADL | n = 78 | n = 67 | ||||
| All patients | 5.3 ± 1.4 | −2.7 ± 1.4 | −8.0 | −12.0;−4.0 | 0.0001 | — |
| Knee OA | 2.7 ± 2.0 | −1.1 ± 2.0 | −3.8 | −9.4;1.8 | 0.1832 | — |
| Hip OA | 7.8 ± 1.9 | −4.3 ± 2.1 | −12.1 | −17.7;−6.5 | < 0.0001 | — |
| Secondary outcomes, Intention-to-treat analysis | ||||||
| KOOS/HOOS Pain | ||||||
| All patients | 4.2 ± 1.1 | −1.1 ± 1.1 | −5.3 | −8.4;−2.1 | 0.0012 | 0.37 (0.11, 0.62) |
| Knee OA | 3.0 ± 1.6 | 0.8 ± 1.6 | −2.2 | −6.7;2.4 | 0.3479 | 0.15 (−0.21, 0.52) |
| Hip OA | 5.4 ± 1.6 | −3.0 ± 1.6 | −8.4 | −12.8;−4.0 | 0.0002 | 0.57 (0.20, 0.94) |
| KOOS/HOOS Symptoms | ||||||
| All patients | 3.4 ± 1.2 | −0.4 ± 1.3 | −3.8 | −7.3;−0.3 | 0.0358 | — |
| Knee OA | 4.9 ± 1.9 | 0.5 ± 1.8 | −4.4 | −9.4;0.7 | 0.0907 | — |
| Hip OA | 1.9 ± 1.8 | −1.3 ± 1.8 | −3.2 | −8.1;1.7 | 0.1978 | — |
| KOOS/HOOS Sport & recreation | ||||||
| All patients | 2.9 ± 1.4 | −1.6 ± 1.5 | −4.5 | −8.7;−0.4 | 0.0329 | — |
| Knee OA | −1.7 ± 2.1 | −2.8 ± 2.3 | −1.1 | −7.1;5.0 | 0.7268 | — |
| Hip OA | 7.6 ± 2.1 | −0.5 ± 2.1 | −8.0 | −13.8;−2.2 | 0.0068 | — |
| KOOS/HOOS Quality of Life | ||||||
| All patients | 3.2 ± 1.3 | −2.4 ± 1.3 | −5.6 | −9.3;−1.9 | 0.0034 | — |
| Knee OA | 3.8 ± 1.9 | −2.5 ± 1.9 | −6.3 | −11.6;−1.0 | 0.0202 | — |
| Hip OA | 2.7 ± 1.8 | −2.2 ± 1.9 | −4.9 | −10.1;0.3 | 0.0643 | — |
↵* Values are mean ± SEM.
↵† A full per-protocol analysis was carried out for all outcome measures.
↵‡ SMD: Standardized mean difference. Calculated with the difference in between-group mean change scores in the numerator and the baseline-pooled SD in the denominator. Intention-to-treat analysis. EX + EP: 8 weeks exercise intervention plus educational package; EP: educational package alone. Statistical analysis by analysis of covariance, adjusted for the effect of baseline value, OA location, group, and the location-group interaction term. OA: osteoarthritis; ADL: Activities of Daily Living; KOOS: Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; HOOS: Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (scores range from 0 to 100 with higher scores indicating fewer problems).