Univariate and multivariate (adjusted simultaneously for variables shown) associations of different clinical variables with the development of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA; n = 283). Results presented in the order of OR (95% CI) p value. OR are per-unit increase.
| Variable | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Regression Using Model 1 Definition of Severe PsA (adjusted* OR) | Multivariate Regression Using Model 2 Definition of Severe PsA (adjusted* OR) | Multivariate Regression Using Model 3 Definition of Severe PsA (adjusted* OR) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 1.04 (1.02–1.06), < 0.001 | |||
| Sex | 1.14 (0.71–1.82), 0.58 | |||
| PsA duration | 0.99 (0.95–1.00), 0.20 | |||
| Smoking pack-yrs, per unit pack-yr smoked | 1.02 (0.99–1.04), 0.056 | 1.02 (1.00–1.05), 0.03 | 1.02 (1.00–1.05), 0.052 | 1.03 (1.00–1.06), 0.02 |
| Low education status | 1.94 (1.08–3.48), 0.02 | |||
| Type II PsO | 2.35 (1.25–4.42), 0.008 | |||
| PASI max | 1.02 (0.98–1.07), 0.25 | |||
| PsO age of onset | 1.03 (1.01–1.05), < 0.001 | |||
| PsA age of onset | 1.02 (1.00–1.04), 0.006 | |||
| Time from PsO to arthritis development | 0.97 (0.95–1.00), 0.052 | |||
| Deformed joints | 1.54 (0.93–2.54), 0.08 | |||
| HAQ | 1.45 (0.96–2.20), 0.07 | |||
| EQ-5D | 1.16 (1.02–1.32), 0.19 | 1.22 (1.00–1.05), 0.050 | 1.28 (1.03–1.59), 0.025 | |
| BRAF | 1.03 (0.99–1.08), 0.11 | |||
| Model 1 of severe PsA (defined as PsA requiring TNFi) | 1.20 (0.74–1.94), 0.45 | 2.36 (1.03–5.41), 0.04 | ||
| Model 2 of severe PsA (defined as the patients with PsA radiographic damage**) | 1.05 (0.66–1.69), 0.81 | |||
| Model 3 of severe PsA (radiographic PsA damage** along with PsA requiring TNFi) | 3.49 (2.12–5.76), < 0.001 | 4.47 (1.96–10.16), < 0.001 |
↵* These variables were included in the full regression model: age, sex, PsA duration, smoking pack-years, low education status, type II PsO, PsO and PsA age of onset, time from PsO to arthritis development, deformed joints, HAQ scores, EQ-5D scores, BRAF scores, and PASI maximum scores.
↵** Radiographic abnormalities of peripheral joint erosions, osteolysis, and sacroiliitis. PASI: Psoriasis Area and Severity Index; BRAF: Bristol Rheumatoid Arthritis Fatigue Numeric Rating Scale; HAQ: Health Assessment Questionnaire; TNFi: tumor necrosis factor inhibitor; PsO: psoriasis.