Association between characteristics of female sex hormones and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes in 600 women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Values in the table are HR (95% CI). All models adjusted for age (as the time scale) and calendar year of RA.
| Characteristic | Coronary Heart Disease | Heart Failure | Cerebrovascular Disease | Peripheral Vascular Disease | General CVD* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early menopause | 1.42 (0.85, 2.39) | 1.14 (0.69, 1.87) | 1.41 (0.76, 2.62) | 0.51 (0.16, 1.64) | 1.55 (1.07, 2.23) |
| Artificial menopause | 0.71 (0.33, 1.53) | 0.82 (0.40, 1.69) | 1.19 (0.54, 2.60) | 0.24 (0.03, 1.74) | 0.80 (0.46, 1.39) |
| Any pregnancy/birth | 1.01 (0.65, 1.58) | 0.92 (0.62, 1.36) | 0.68 (0.41, 1.13) | 0.92 (0.46, 1.82) | 0.96 (0.68, 1.33) |
| Any HRT exposure | 1.02 (0.68, 1.53) | 0.72 (0.48, 1.07) | 1.26 (0.77, 2.07) | 0.84 (0.41, 1.72) | 1.05 (0.77, 1.43) |
↵* Includes coronary heart disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease. HRT: hormone replacement therapy.