Causal Attribution | Beçhet Disease | Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis | Giant Cell Arteritis | Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis | Microscopic Polyangiitis | Polyarteritis Nodosa | Takayasu Arteritis | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
O | R | O | R | O | R | O | R | O | R | O | R | O | R | |
Psychological factors | 2.4 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.0) | 2.1 (0.9) | 2.4 (1.0) | 2.2 (0.8) | 2.3 (1.0) | 2.3 (0.9) | 2.5 (1.0) | 2.5 (1.0) | 2.4 (1.1) | 2.3 (0.9) | 2.5 (1.1) | 2.4 (0.8) | 2.5 (0.8) |
Medical risk factors | 2.0 (0.9) | 2.2 (0.8) | 1.9 (0.7) | 2.0 (0.7) | 2.0 (0.7) | 1.8 (0.6) | 1.9 (0.6) | 1.9 (0.7) | 2.1 (0.8) | 1.8 (0.7) | 2.0 (0.7) | 2.0 (0.9) | 1.8 (0.6) | 1.9 (0.7) |
Pollution in environment | 2.9 (1.3) | 2.8 (1.3) | 3.0 (1.2) | 2.9 (1.3) | 2.4 (1.4) | 2.2 (1.3) | 3.1 (1.1) | 2.8 (1.2) | 3.2 (1.3) | 3.0 (1.5) | 2.6 (1.3) | 2.1 (1.2) | 2.6 (1.1) | 2.5 (1.1) |
Infectious | 3.4 a (1.1) | 3.3 d (1.4) | 2.4 abc (1.1) | 2.7 (1.4) | 2.6 (1.2) | 2.4 (1.3) | 3.0 b (1.2) | 3.0 (1.3) | 2.9 (1.4) | 2.8 (1.5) | 2.8 (1.5) | 1.9 d (1.3) | 3.2 c (1.1) | 2.9 (1.2) |
Hereditary | 3.0 ab (1.4) | 3.1 cde (1.5) | 2.0 a (1.1) | 2.0 c (1.1) | 1.9 b (1.1) | 2.1 (1.3) | 2.4 (1.2) | 2.2 d (1.2) | 2.4 (1.3) | 2.1 (1.3) | 2.0 e (1.3) | 1.7 (1.0) | 2.5 (1.3) | 2.2 (1.2) |
Chance or bad luck | 2.7 (1.2) | 2.5 (1.1) | 2.8 (1.4) | 2.8 (1.5) | 2.1 (1.3) | 1.8 (1.2) | 2.9 (1.4) | 2.5 (1.3) | 2.9 (1.3) | 2.2 (1.3) | 3.0 (1.6) | 2.9 (1.6) | 2.8 (1.3) | 2.7 (1.3) |
Altered immunity | 4.0 (1.0) | 4.0 (1.1) | 3.7 (1.1) | 3.6 (1.3) | 4.0 (1.1) | 3.8 (1.5) | 3.6 (1.1) | 3.5 (1.2) | 3.7 (1.2) | 3.6 (1.6) | 3.7 (1.1) | 3.7 (1.2) | 3.5 (1.2) | 3.4 (1.3) |
Medication factors | NA | 3.4 a (1.3) | NA | 3.1 (1.3) | NA | 2.5 (1.0) | NA | 2.8 (1.2) | NA | 2.3a (1.2) | NA | 2.6 (1.2) | NA | 2.9 (1.0) |
Change in weather | NA | 3.1 a (1.3) | NA | 2.3 (1.3) | NA | 1.3a (0.8) | NA | 2.4 (1.3) | NA | 2.0 (1.2) | NA | 2.4 (1.5) | NA | 2.2 (1.3) |
ANOVA was performed to compare means scores across different types of vasculitis types where ≥ 30 participants were recruited into the study (i.e., central nervous system vasculitis and IgA vasculitis were excluded from comparative analyses because of small sample size).
Note
↵a,b,c,d,e denotes row-wise pairs of groups different at 0.05 level Scheffe test (displayed in bold). Psychological, medical risk, and medication factors are composite items determined by factor analysis. All other causal attributions are single-item beliefs. Psychological factors: stress, my mental attitude, family problems, overwork, my emotional state, my personality (α = 0.86). Medical risk factors: diet or eating habits, ageing, alcohol, smoking, accident or injury (α = 0.81). Medication factors: change in my meds and stopped taking my meds (α = 0.65). O: onset; R: relapse; NA: not assessed.