Table 3.

Insulin resistance (IR)-related measures in patients and controls (univariate model).

	Controls, n = 115	RA, n = 101	p	RA – GC, n = 55	p^#	RA + GC, n = 46	p^†
Glucose, mmol/l	5.39 (4.94–6.22)	5.28 (4.83–6.44)	0.60	5.28 (4.78–6.11)	0.31	5.33 (4.89–6.81)	0.86
Insulin, pmol/l	59.03 (40.28–78.48)	81.26 (47.23–111.12)	0.01^*	66.67 (45.14–98.62)	0.22	99.66 (56.95–134.73)	0.00^*
C-peptide, nmol/l	0.58 (0.54–0.68)	0.72 (0.63–0.89)	0.00^*	0.67 (0.60–0.79)	0.00^*	0.78 (0.65–0.97)	0.00^*
HOMA-IR	1.09 (0.73–1.52)	1.66 (0.86–2.26)	0.00^*	1.30 (0.84–1.82)	0.21	1.95 (1.08–2.51)	0.00^*
HOMA-%B	81 (56–114)	101 (67–133)	0.02^*	103 (70–118)	0.06	98 (64–157)	0.07
RBP4, g/ml	21.50 (10.28–32.59)	13.99 (9.78–19.88)	0.00	11.88 (7.93–17.96)	0.00	17.34 (11.97–22.94)	0.35

All data are expressed as median (interquartile range).
↵* p differences between controls and total RA patients.
↵† p differences between RA + GC and controls.
↵# p differences between RA – GC and controls. RA: rheumatoid arthritis; RA + GC: rheumatoid arthritis patients taking glucocorticoids; RA – GC: naive glucocorticoids patients; RBP4: retinol-binding protein 4; HOMA: homeostasis model assessment; IR: insulin resistance.