Risk factors for inpatient mortality and LOS for SLE hospitalizations.
| Risk Factor | Mortality, OR (95% CI) | LOS, RR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Nephritis | ||
| No | — | — |
| Yes | 2.71 (1.74–4.23)*** | 1.30 (1.21–1.40)*** |
| Age, yrs | ||
| 2–12 | — | — |
| 12–17 | 1.42 (0.58–3.48) | 0.92 (0.81–1.04) |
| 18–20 | 2.85 (1.21–6.71)* | 1.06 (0.93–1.20) |
| Sex | ||
| Female | — | — |
| Male | 1.51 (0.99–2.29) | 1.03 (0.94–1.14) |
| Race | ||
| White | — | — |
| Black | 2.01 (1.12–3.62)* | 1.09 (1.00–1.20) |
| Hispanic | 1.39 (0.73–2.64) | 1.07 (0.97–1.18) |
| Other | 1.88 (0.94–3.75) | 1.14 (1.001–1.30)* |
| Payer | ||
| Medicaid | — | — |
| Private | 0.89 (0.59–1.34) | 0.88 (0.82–0.94)*** |
| Other | 1.01 (0.65–1.58) | 0.90 (0.82–0.999)* |
| Location | ||
| Rural | — | — |
| Urban | 0.98 (0.28–3.42) | 1.33 (1.16–1.53)*** |
| Region | ||
| Northeast | — | — |
| Midwest | 0.81 (0.34–1.95) | 1.08 (0.92–1.28) |
| South | 2.03 (1.23–3.36)** | 1.06 (0.92–1.21) |
| West | 1.77 (0.98–3.20) | 1.11 (0.93–1.32) |
| Teaching | ||
| No | — | — |
| Yes | 1.06 (0.60–1.87) | 1.10 (1.01–1.20)* |
| Type | ||
| General | — | — |
| Children’s | 0.95 (0.59–1.52) | 1.05 (0.95–1.17) |
Shown are OR and relative risks (RR) for risk factors included in the multivariable regressions for the main outcomes. The covariates included in the multivariable regressions were calendar year, presence of SLE nephritis, age group, sex, race/ethnicity, primary payer, hospital location, hospital region, hospital teaching status, and hospital type. Reference groups are denoted by “—”. Significance for p values is
↵* p < 0.05,
↵** p < 0.01,
↵*** p < 0.001. SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; LOS: length of stay.