Table 1.

Demographics at baseline in African American patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n = 166).

Characteristic	Alcohol Use
Characteristic	Never, n = 65	Past/Current, n = 101	p
Age, yrs, mean^†	50.44	52.14	0.398
Disease duration, mo, mean^†	14.20	14.62	0.717
Female, %	90.8	82.2	0.124
BMI, kg/m², mean ^†	32.55	31.81	0.540
Completed education, %^†
No high school degree	21.5	34.6	0.495
High school + some college	67.7	48.5
Bachelor’s degree or higher	10.8	16.8
Income, %^†
< $5,000	9.2	8.9	0.795
$5,000–$9,999	13.8	21.8
$10,000–$14,999	12.3	9.9
$15,000–$19,999	16.9	8.9
$20,000–$29,999	12.3	17.8
$30,000–$49,999	15.4	16.8
$50,000–$99,999	20.0	10.9
> $100,000	0.0	2.0
Unknown	0.0	3.0
Smoking status, %
Never	69.3	32.7	< 0.001
Former	16.9	33.7
Current	13.8	33.7
Current DMARD therapy, %^†
Biologic agents^*	3.1	4.9	0.961
Hydroxychloroquine^‡	10.8	14.8
Methotrexate^‡	44.6	38.6
Other DMARD^**	4.6	4.9
Combination therapy	15.4	13.9
Not on therapy	21.5	22.8

HLA-DRB1 shared-epitope, %	47.7	46.5	0.884

Anti-CCP antibody
Positive, %	72.3	64.4	0.286
Rheumatoid factor IgM status
Positive, %	76.9	77.2	0.964
C-reactive protein, mg/dl, mean	18.66	28.39	0.090

↵* Anakinra, infliximab, etanercept.
↵** Gold, penicillamine, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, azathioprine, cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide.
↵† ANOVA was used to compare means.
↵‡ Monotherapy only. BMI: body mass index; DMARD: disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; anti-CCP: anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies.