Bone Resorption | Bone Formation† Bone Formation Inhibitors* |
---|---|
Hydroxyproline | † Total alkaline phosphatase |
Collagen crosslinks | † Bone alkaline phosphatase |
Pyridinolines (pyridinoline, deoxypyridinoline) | † Osteocalcin |
Crosslinked telopeptides (NTx, CTx) | † Procollagen type I propeptides |
Trap5b (tartrate resistant acid phosphatase) | † Osteoprotegerin |
Cathepsin K | * DKK-1 |
RANKL | * Sclerostin |
RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa ligand; the main stimulator of mature osteoclasts; cathepsin K: the main osteoclastic protease; DKK-1: Dickkopf-1; inhibits differentiation of osteoblasts; sclerostin: antagonizes osteoblast differentiation by blocking the Wnt pathway.