Characteristics of children with inadequately controlled uveitis starting tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor therapy.
| Variable | CHOP, n = 40 | SITE, n = 16 | p | Total Cohort, n = 56 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||||
| Sex (% female) | 50 | 56 | 0.67 | 52 |
| Race (% white)† | 69 | 81 | 0.35 | 73 |
| Median age at diagnosis, yrs (range)† | 6.88 (1.42–16.33) | 4.84 (2.61–8.11) | 0.06‡ | 6.04 (1.42–16.33) |
| Age at diagnosis (% ≤ 6 yrs)† | 40 | 89 | 0.01§ | 50 |
| Clinical | ||||
| Prior ocular surgeries (%) | ||||
| 0 | 90 | 76 | 86 | |
| 1 | 7 | 18 | 11 | |
| ≥ 2 | 2 | 6 | 0.36|| | 4 |
| MTX prior to anti-TNF (%) | 98 | 29 | < 0.01§ | 78 |
| Prior IMT (%) | ||||
| 0 | 2 | 12 | 5 | |
| 1 | 90 | 41 | 76 | |
| ≥ 2 | 7 | 47 | < 0.01§|| | 19 |
| Pain/redness/photosensitivity (%)† | 54 | — | — | — |
| Anterior uveitis (%) | 75 | 59 | 0.35 | 70 |
| Activity > 0.5+ (%) | 57 | 50 | 0.63 | 55 |
| Active uveitis at start (%)¶ | 57 | 47 | 0.48 | 54 |
| Ever synechiae (%) | 78 | 69 | 0.50 | 75 |
| Systemic diagnosis (%) | ||||
| JIA | 43 | 75 | 52 | |
| Sarcoidosis** | 15 | 0 | 11 | |
| None/unknown | 43 | 25 | 0.06|| | 38 |
| JIA characteristics (%)††† | ||||
| Oligoarticular | 47 | — | — | — |
| ANA (% > 1:40) | 71 | — | — | — |
| Treatment‡‡ | ||||
| > 1 year from diagnosis (%)† | 31 | 100 | < 0.01§ | 46 |
| Anti-TNF type (%) | ||||
| Etanercept | 10 | 47 | 20 | |
| Infliximab | 83 | 53 | 75 | |
| Adalimumab | 7 | 0 | < 0.01§|| | 5 |
| MTX at start anti-TNF (%) | 98 | 59 | < 0.01§ | 86 |
| IMT other than MTX at start (%) | 5 | 100 | < 0.01§ | 32 |
↵† Data are not available from all patients.
↵‡ Rank sum.
↵§ Significant 2-sided p value, < 0.05 (for difference between CHOP and SITE).
↵|| p value for the distribution of categorical variables.
↵¶ Active uveitis, vs uveitis controlled, but taking corticosteroids, at anti-TNF initiation.
↵** One child with onset suggestive of early onset sarcoidosis (3 yrs); none with familial sarcoidosis.
↵†† Of those with JIA in the CHOP subcohort.
↵‡‡ Representing the percentage of anti-TNF treatment courses, rather than patients; CHOP, n = 42; SITE, n = 17. Synechiae are adhesions between the iris and the lens (posterior) or cornea (anterior). SITE: Systemic Immunosuppressive Therapy for Eye Disease Cohort Study; CHOP: The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; anti-TNF: tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor; IMT: immunomodulatory therapies; JIA: juvenile idiopathic arthritis/juvenile rheumatoid arthritis; ANA: antinuclear antibodies; MTX: methotrexate.