Demographic and baseline characteristics of the conventional exercise (CE) group and the CE plus incentive spirometer exercise (ISE) group.
| Characteristics | CE Group, n = 23 | CE + ISE Group, n = 23 |
|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs | 38.0 ± 9.1 | 34.6 ± 5.9 |
| Men, n (%) | 22 (95.7) | 22 (95.7) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.8 ± 3.3 | 23.8 ± 2.5 |
| Current smoker*, n (%) | 14 (60.9) | 15 (65.2) |
| Smoking amount, pack-yrs | 15.0 ± 11.7 | 10.4 ± 6.0 |
| Total symptom duration, yrs | 12.9 ± 7.3 | 12.2 ± 6.4 |
| Duration of TNF inhibitor therapy, mo | 36.9 ± 18.1 | 37.3 ± 15.5 |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mm/h | 11.6 ± 8.8 | 8.2 ± 6.8 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dl | 0.27 ± 0.34 | 0.14 ± 0.08 |
| Chest expansion, cm | 2.87 ± 1.42 | 3.41 ± 1.56 |
| Finger to floor distance, cm | 16.8 ± 14.3 | 11.1 ± 11.5 |
| BASDAI (0–10) | 2.75 ± 1.15 | 2.37 ± 1.09 |
| BASFI (0–10) | 1.72 ± 1.73 | 0.98 ± 1.23 |
| Pulmonary function test | ||
| FVC, liters | 4.22 ± 0.62 | 4.27 ± 0.84 |
| FEV1, liters | 3.42 ± 0.61 | 3.45 ± 0.77 |
| FEV1/FVC, % | 80.9 ± 7.9 | 82.6 ± 5.5 |
| TLC, liters | 5.64 ± 0.70 | 5.66 ± 0.94 |
| VC, liters | 4.25 ± 0.63 | 4.30 ± 0.84 |
| RV, liters | 1.38 ± 0.42 | 1.34 ± 0.40 |
| Patients with restrictive pattern, n (%) | 6 (26.1) | 5 (21.7) |
| 6-min walk distance test, meters | 509.2 ± 59.7 | 510.6 ± 57.1 |
↵* Current smoker was defined as still smoking prior to study enrollment. TNF: tumor necrosis factor; BASDAI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index; BASFI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index; FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; TLC: total lung capacity; VC: vital capacity; RV: residual volume.