Non-SLE | SLE | HR (95% CI) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subjects | Stroke Case | IR | Stroke Case | IR | Crude | Adjusted† |
All | ||||||
All strokes | 551 | 1.74 | 414 | 5.53 | 3.17 (2.79–3.61)*** | 2.90 (2.52–3.33)*** |
Hemorrhagic stroke | ||||||
All | 129 | 0.41 | 116 | 1.55 | 3.79 (2.95–4.88)*** | 3.23 (2.45–4.27)*** |
Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 23 | 0.07 | 28 | 0.37 | 5.16 (2.97–8.95)*** | 4.80 (2.66–8.67)*** |
Intracerebral hemorrhage | 106 | 0.34 | 88 | 1.18 | 3.50 (2.64–4.64)*** | 2.91 (2.12–3.99)*** |
Ischemic stroke | 422 | 1.33 | 298 | 3.98 | 2.98 (2.57–3.46)*** | 2.79 (2.37–3.28)*** |
Women | ||||||
All strokes | 429 | 1.53 | 351 | 5.26 | 3.44 (2.99–3.96)*** | 3.06 (2.62–3.56)*** |
Hemorrhagic stroke | ||||||
All | 101 | 0.36 | 98 | 1.47 | 4.07 (3.09–5.38)*** | 3.39 (2.49–4.61)*** |
Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 20 | 0.07 | 25 | 0.37 | 5.26 (2.92–9.47)*** | 4.88 (2.61–9.13)*** |
Intracerebral hemorrhage | 81 | 0.29 | 73 | 1.09 | 3.78 (2.76–5.19)*** | 3.02 (2.12–4.32)*** |
Ischemic stroke | 328 | 1.17 | 253 | 3.79 | 3.24 (2.75–3.82)*** | 2.98 (2.47–3.52)*** |
Male | ||||||
All strokes | 122 | 3.39 | 63 | 7.73 | 2.27 (1.68–3.08)*** | 2.39 (1.70–3.36)*** |
Hemorrhagic stroke | ||||||
All | 28 | 0.78 | 18 | 2.21 | 2.82 (1.56–5.10)** | 2.79 (1.42–5.49)** |
Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 3 | 0.08 | 3 | 0.37 | 4.43 (0.89–21.9) | 4.70 (0.79–27.9) |
Intracerebral hemorrhage | 25 | 0.69 | 15 | 1.84 | 2.63 (1.39–4.98)* | 2.57 (1.23–5.38)* |
Ischemic stroke | 94 | 2.61 | 45 | 5.53 | 2.11 (1.48–3.01)*** | 2.30 (1.55–3.40)*** |
↵† Adjusted for sex, age, urbanization, income, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypercoagulability, renal disease, atrial fibrillation, and valvular heart disease.
↵* p < 0.05;
↵** p < 0.001;
↵*** p < 0.0001. IR: incidence rate per 1000 person-years.