Psychopathology and impaired neuropsychological performance. Due to logistical problems, the following data were not collected: Judgment of Line Orientation (5 non-NPSLE and 2 NPSLE), Complex Figure – copy (2 non-NPSLE) and 30-min recall (3 non-NPSLE), Sentence Repetition (1 non-NPSLE), Semantic Fluency (1 control and 3 non-NPSLE), Trail-making Test – Part A and Part B (1 non-NPSLE).
| Controls, n = 85 % | SLE Total, n = 85 % | Non-NPSLE n = 57 % | NPSLE n = 28 % | Group Comparisons*, p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psychopathology | |||||
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale | |||||
| Anxiety ≥ 11 | 21.2 | 35.3 | 35.1 | 35.7 | a |
| Depression ≥ 11 | 4.7 | 20.0 | 14.0 | 32.1 | a, c, d |
| Neuropsychological tests | |||||
| Attentive Matrices | 5.9 | 16.5 | 12.3 | 25.0 | a, c |
| Digit Span | 4.7 | 8.2 | 7.0 | 10.7 | |
| Corsi-Block Tapping Test | 7.1 | 15.3 | 14 | 17.9 | |
| Judgment of Line Orientation | 4.7 | 10.3 | 7.7 | 15.4 | |
| Complex Figure | |||||
| Copy | 4.7 | 3.5 | 1.8 | 7.1 | |
| 30-min recall | 4.7 | 10.6 | 7.0 | 17.9 | c |
| Auditory Verbal Learning Test | |||||
| Immediate recall | 4.7 | 16.5 | 10.5 | 28.6 | a, c |
| 30-min recall | 4.7 | 20 | 12.3 | 35.7 | a, c, d |
| 30-min recognition | 4.7 | 21.2 | 8.8 | 46.4 | a, c, d |
| Sentence Repetition | 4.7 | 17.9 | 14.3 | 25.0 | a, c |
| Semantic Fluency | 4.7 | 12.9 | 11.1 | 17.9 | c |
| Letter-Word Fluency | 4.7 | 5.9 | 1.8 | 14.3 | d |
| Wisconsin Card Sorting Test | |||||
| No. categories | 4.7 | 9.4 | 10.5 | 7.1 | |
| No. perseverative errors | 5.9 | 4.7 | 3.5 | 7.1 | |
| Trail Making Test | |||||
| Part A | 4.7 | 11.9 | 3.6 | 28.6 | c, d |
| Part B | 8.2 | 9.5 | 5.4 | 17.9 | |
| Nine-Hole Peg Test | 5.9 | 16.5 | 5.3 | 39.3 | a, c, d |
| Brief-Smell Identification Test | 4.7 | 11.8 | 5.3 | 25.0 | c, d |