Demographic characteristics of the cases and the controls. Comparison between the 2 groups using conditional logistic regression; p < 0.05 considered a statistically significant difference.
| Characteristics | Cases, n = 104 | Controls, n = 104 | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| White, n (%) | 72 (70.6) | 71 (68.9) | 0.873 |
| Smoker, n (%) | 27 (26.0) | 26 (25.0) | 0.873 |
| Alcohol, n (%) | 27 (26.0) | 27 (26.0) | 1.000 |
| Age at diagnosis, yrs, mean ± SD | 28.0 ± 11.0 | 26.8 ± 9.5 | 0.176 |
| SLEDAI-2K score, median (IQR) | 4.0 (2.0, 8.0) | 4.0 (1.0, 8.0) | 0.924 |
| LASI, mean ± SD | 5.1 ± 1.8 | 4.6 ± 1.9 | 0.122 |
| SDI, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.0, 3.0) | 1.0 (0.0, 3.0) | 0.822 |
| ACR SLE criteria, mean ± SD | 6.7 ± 1.5 | 6.5 ± 1.6 | 0.355 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 27.3 ± 6.5 | 25.0 ± 5.2 | 0.049 |
| > 30, n (%) | 20 (23.8) | 7 (12.1) | 0.027 |
| > 29, n (%) | 26 (30.9) | 9 (15.5) | 0.031 |
| > 28, n (%) | 32 (38.1) | 13 (22.4) | 0.117 |
| > 27, n (%) | 39 (46.4) | 19 (32.8) | 0.301 |
| Waist:hip ratio, mean ± SD | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.824 |
SLEDAI-2K: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index-2000; LASI: Lupus Activity and Steroid Index; SDI: Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics damage index; ACR: American College of Rheumatology; BMI: body mass index; IQR: interquartile range.