Medical history and medication profile of cases and controls. Comparison between the 2 groups using conditional logistic regression; p < 0.05 considered a statistically significant difference.
| Cases, n = 104 | Controls, n = 104 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Medical history | |||
| Autoimmune disease, n (%) | 73 (70.2) | 73 (70.2) | — |
| Hashimoto thyroiditis | 4 (3.8) | 4 (3.8) | — |
| Sjögren’s syndrome | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | — |
| Arthritis | 64 (61.5) | 69 (66.4) | 0.425 |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 23 (22.1) | 28 (26.9) | 0.413 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome | 9 (8.6) | 3 (2.9) | 0.099 |
| Cardiovascular, n (%) | 5 (4.8) | 7 (6.7) | 0.484 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 68 (65.4) | 54 (51.9) | 0.034 |
| Malignancy, n (%) | 6 (5.8) | 3 (2.9) | 0.273 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 37 (35.6) | 36 (34.6) | 0.847 |
| Dialysis, n (%) | 2 (1.9) | 3 (2.9) | 0.657 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 14 (13.5) | 10 (9.6) | 0.349 |
| Medication profile | |||
| Prednisone, n (%) | 67 (64.4) | 57 (54.8) | 0.191 |
| Cumulative dose, g, median (IQR) | 7.2 (0.0, 26.0) | 4.2 (0.0, 24.7) | 0.216 |
| Average dose, mg/day, median (IQR) | 7.5 (0.0, 14.9) | 2.9 (0.0, 10.1) | 0.133 |
| Antimalarial, n (%) | 72 (69.2) | 61 (58.6) | 0.097 |
| Immunosuppressors, n (%) | 63 (60.8) | 39 (37.35) | 0.001 |
| Azathioprine | 40 (38.5) | 24 (23.1) | 0.010 |
| Methotrexate | 24 (23.1) | 12 (11.5) | 0.050 |
| Aspirin, n (%) | 12 (11.5) | 11 (10.6) | 0.828 |
| NSAID, n (%) | 15 (14.4) | 13 (12.5) | 0.696 |
| Statins, n (%) | 17 (16.4) | 9 (8.6) | 0.096 |
| Oral contraceptives, n (%) | 23 (22.2) | 24 (23.1) | 0.869 |
| Hormone replacement therapy, n (%) | 15 (14.4) | 13 (12.5) | 0.670 |
| Anticoagulants, n (%) | 14 (13.5) | 14 (13.5) | — |
IQR: interquartile range; NSAID: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug.