Table 1.

Demographic and clinical data in 1318 Brazilian SpA patients, according to ethnic background.

Characteristic	White, n = 857		African Brazilian, n = 413		Other, n = 48		p
	%	n	%	n	%	n
Male	71.6	614	73.4	303	64.4	31	0.419
Positive family history	16.6	142	14.3	59	16.4	8	0.573
Positive HLA-B27^*	72.8	321/441	62.4	132/210	35	11/20	0.014
Lumbar pain	68.1	584	69	285	66.7	32	0.922
Axial inflammatory pain	85.9	736	90.8	375	89.6	43	0.041
Alternating buttock pain	32.7	280	35.4	146	27.1	13	0.413
Radiographic sacroiliitis	74.6	639	81.4	336	79.2	38	0.025
Cervical pain	27.8	238	32.4	134	35.9	17	0.153
Hip pain	22.2	190	29.3	121	27.1	13	0.020
Lower limb arthritis	47.5	407	49.4	204	45.8	22	0.779
Upper limb arthritis	22.5	193	19.6	81	18.8	9	0.446
Enthesitis	26.4	226	27.8	115	27.1	13	0.857
Dactylitis	9.5	81	8.0	33	10.4	5	0.657
Uveitis	20.5	176	16.7	69	27.1	13	0.112
Inflammatory bowel disease	5.3	45	4.1	17	4.2	2	0.661
Psoriasis	20.2	173	12.6	52	12.5	6	0.002
Nail involvement	12.8	110	6.8	28	8.3	4	0.004
Balanitis	3	26	3.6	15	0	0	0.470
Urethritis	5.1	44	2.9	12	0	0	0.060
Prostatitis	11	9	0.5	2	0	0	0.473
History of previous infection	6.3	54	4.1	17	0	0	0.066
Cardiac involvement	2.6	22	3.6	15	4.2	2	0.508
Renal involvement	0.7	6	1.2	5	4.2	2	0.057
Nervous system	1.1	9	0.5	2	0	0	0.473
Lung involvement	1.6	14	1.2	5	0	0	0.583