Prevalence (%) of potential associated factors for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) classified by the absence or presence of KOA.
| Total | Men | Women | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KOA– | KOA+ | p | KOA– | KOA+ | p | KOA– | KOA+ | p | |
| Residing in coastal area | 65.6 | 32.1 | 0.000 | 60.8 | 26.7 | 0.000 | 69.0 | 34.3 | 0.000 |
| Current smoking | 16.7 | 9.5 | 0.000 | 34.7 | 23.5 | 0.012 | 3.92 | 3.53 | 0.060 |
| Current alcohol drinking | 46.2 | 33.4 | 0.000 | 68.1 | 65.3 | 0.475 | 30.8 | 20.2 | 0.000 |
| Bicycling every day in the past 12 mo | 52.6 | 59.3 | 0.006 | 55.1 | 55.1 | 0.998 | 50.8 | 61.0 | 0.001 |
| Regular exercise such as football, tennis, baseball, and golf | 18.3 | 10.6 | 0.000 | 34.9 | 30.0 | 0.209 | 6.53 | 2.51 | 0.001 |
| Past injury of either knee | 2.4 | 2.8 | 0.560 | 1.4 | 4.1 | 0.046 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 0.466 |