Comparison of median values for selected pulmonary function test, echocardiogram, and cardiopulmonary exercise test measurements based on cardiopulmonary exercise test and pulmonary arterial catheter-derived diagnosis. All values represent median (interquartile range).
| Measure | Deconditioning/Cardiovascular Limitation, n = 6 | Ventilatory Limitation, n = 6 | Pulmonary Vascular Limitation, n = 3 | Exercise LVDD, n = 4 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinic exertional O2 sat, % | 96 (94, 97) | 92 (83, 97) | 88 (87, 92) | 91 (90, 93) | 0.14 |
| Echo PASP, mm Hg | 28 (25, 39) | 42 (32, 45) | 28 (20, 36) | 28 (20, 35) | 0.50 |
| VO2 maximum, % predicted | 47 (33, 68) | 48 (45, 54) | 53 (32, 54) | 67 (59, 77) | 0.20 |
| AT % VO2, maximum predicted | 36 (23, 56) | 32 (28, 36) | 34 (19, 39) | 47 (39, 56) | 0.35 |
| Predicted FVC, % | 61 (47, 79) | 73 (58, 90) | 74 (52, 101) | 92 (74, 99) | 0.21 |
| Predicted FEV1, % | 66 (47, 79) | 76 (63, 95) | 78 (53, 98) | 93 (77, 102) | 0.23 |
| Predicted FEV1/FVC, % | 83 (80, 86) | 79 (72, 86) | 76 (73, 79) | 76 (72, 81) | 0.22 |
| O2 saturation, % peak | 97 (94, 98) | 97 (96, 98) | 93 (89, 93) | 97 (96, 98) | 0.09 |
| Predicted DLCO | 56 (46, 59) | 54 (40, 69) | 46 (18, 54) | 61 (57, 66) | 0.28 |
| % FVC/% DLCO | 1.15 (0.87, 1.23) | 1.35 (1.13, 1.64) | 1.87 (1.13, 4.1) | 1.43 (1.23, 1.56) | 0.18 |
| HRR, bpm | 2.5 (−6, 20) | 9 (−14, 18) | 12 (−12, 31) | −5 (−9, −1.5) | 0.77 |
| Predicted O2 pulse | 59 (45, 72) | 67 (66, 73) | 55 (50, 60) | 71 (56, 78) | 0.19 |
| BR, % | 28 (25, 32) | 5 (2, 7) | 31 (21, 33) | 24 (15, 48) | 0.01 |
| RR, bpm | 47 (32, 44) | 52 (45, 62) | 42 (39, 59) | 49 (42, 55) | 0.16 |
| TV, l | 1.61 (1.17, 1.69) | 1.08 (0.93, 1.42) | 0.98 (0.98, 1.56) | 1.29 (1.1, 1.4) | 0.40 |
| Vd/Vt, rest | 0.47 (0.34, 0.54) | 0.45 (0.28, 0.48) | 0.38 (0.37, 0.42) | 0.29 (0.26, 0.29) | 0.14 |
| Vd/Vt, exercise | 0.23 (0.18, 0.32) | 0.26 (0.20, 0.31) | 0.28 (0.20, 0.30) | 0.19 (0.18, 0.20) | 0.24 |
| P(A-a)O2, rest mm Hg | 2.3 (0, 7) | 13.1 (5.0, 21.3) | 19.9 (15.3, 38.0) | 11.7 (11.5, 29.0) | 0.02 |
| P(A-a)O2, exercise | 12 (4.0, 16) | 29.1 (3.5, 36.0) | 48.0 (45.3, 62.0) | 26.0 (10.6, 36.0) | 0.04 |
| VE/VCO2 | 38 (33, 47) | 42 (39, 49) | 42 (40, 49) | 37 (31, 38) | 0.19 |
| etCO2 at AT, mm Hg | 36 (36, 41) | 35.7 (30.5, 41.3) | 32.8 (31.8, 36.6) | 35.0 (32.6, 38.7) | 0.70 |
| etCO2/VEVCO2 | 1.07 (0.88, 1.10) | 0.82 (0.73, 0.98) | 0.76 (0.67, 0.92) | 0.95 (0.86, 1.25) | 0.22 |
P value for between-groups Kruskal-Wallis testing. LVDD: left ventricular diastolic dysfunction; VO2 max: maximum oxygen uptake; AT: anaerobic threshold; FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; ratio: FVC/FEV1; O2 saturation %, peak: oxygen saturation at peak exercise; DLCO: diffusion capacity of lung for carbon monoxide; HRR: heart rate reserve; BR: breathing reserve; RR: respiratory rate; TV: tidal volume; Vd/Vt: physiological dead space/tidal volume ratio; P(A-a)O2: alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient; VE/VCO2: ventilatory equivalent for CO2; etCO2: end tidal CO2; Echo PAP: pulmonary arterial pressure estimated by tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity on echocardiogram.