Hand involvement in systemic sclerosis, assessed by radiographs, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
| Hand Condition and Joint | Radiography | Ultrasonography Cuomo13, n = 45 | MRI Low14, n = 17 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avouac9, n = 120 | Baron4, n = 38 | La Montagna10, n = 76 | Brun11, n = 41 | |||
| Joint involvement, n (%) | ||||||
| Erosion | 25 (21) | 15 (40) | 8 (10.5) | ND | 5 (11) | 7 (41) |
| Wrist | 17 | 4 | ND | ND | 1 | 2 |
| MCP | 9 | 9 | ND | ND | 4 | 5 |
| PIP | 10 | 3 | ND | ND | 0 | 2 |
| DIP | 18 | 7 | ND | ND | 0 | 0 |
| Joint space narrowing, n (%) | 35 (28) | 13 (34) | ND | 10 (24) | 8 (18) | ND |
| Wrist | 13 | 2 | 13 (17) | ND | 0 | ND |
| MCP | 12 | 2 | ND | ND | 8 | ND |
| PIP | 14 | 4 | 31 (41) | ND | 2 | ND |
| DIP | 25 | 12 | 41 (54) | ND | 0 | ND |
| Synovitis, n (%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 22 (49) | 8 (47) |
| Wrist | 2 | 2 | ||||
| MCP | 15 | 5 | ||||
| PIP | 12 | 1 | ||||
| DIP | 1 | 0 | ||||
| Synovial proliferation, n (%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 19 (42) | ND |
| Wrist | 2 | ND | ||||
| MCP | 12 | ND | ||||
| PIP | 2 | ND | ||||
| DIP | 0 | ND | ||||
| Tenosynovitis, n (%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | ND | 8 (47) |
| Flexor | ND | 7 | ||||
| Extensor | ND | 3 | ||||
| Bone involvement, n (%) | ||||||
| Radiological demineralization | 28 (23) | 16 (42) | 12 (16) | 7 (17) | ND | ND |
| Acroosteolysis | 26 (22) | 14 (37) | 22 (29) | 11 (27) | ND | ND |
| Bone edema | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 9 (53) |
| Soft tissue involvement, n (%) | ||||||
| Flexion contracture | 32 (27) | ND | 31 (41) | ND | NA | ND |
| Calcinosis | 28 (23) | 19 (50) | 45 (59) | 18 (44) | 12 (27) | ND |
ND: no data; NA: not applicable; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; MCP: metacarpophalangeal joint; PIP: proximal interphalangeal joint; DIP: distal interphalangeal joint.