Demographic and clinical characteristics of SLE patients and healthy controls.
| Characteristic | SLE, n = 42 | Controls, n = 42 | t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs, mean ± SD | 29.48 ± 7.35 | 29.79 ± 6.95 | 0.198 | 0.843 |
| Female/male | 36/6 | 36/6 | — | — |
| Onset age, yrs, mean ± SD | 27.5 ± 7.39 | NA | ||
| Disease duration, mo, mean ± SD | 21.37 ± 21.18 | NA | ||
| SLEDAI, mean ± SD | 8.81 ± 6.24 | NA | ||
| MMSE, mean ± SD | 26.26 ± 2.79 | 28.69 ± 1.16 | 5.217 | 0.000 |
| HAMD, mean ± SD | 8.36 ± 5.98 | 2.12 ± 1.98 | –6.416 | 0.000 |
| HAMA, mean ± SD | 7.71 ± 5.89 | 2.19 ± 2.22 | –5.683 | 0.000 |
| Manifestation, n (%) | ||||
| Depression (HAMD > 17) | 17 (40.48) | |||
| Anxiety (HAMA > 14) | 13 (30.95) | |||
| Cognitive deficit (MMSE < 25) | 15 (35.71) | |||
| Psychosis | 0 (0) | |||
| Neurological sign | 0 (0) | |||
| aPL | 10 (23.81) | |||
| Anti-Sm antibody | 18 (42.86) | |||
| Anti-dsDNA antibody | 29 (69.05) | |||
| Malar rash | 24 (57.14) | |||
| Discoid rash | 8 (19.05) | |||
| Photosensitivity | 18 (42.86) | |||
| Oral ulcers | 21 (50.00) | |||
| Renal disorder | 29 (69.05) | |||
| Nonerosive arthritis | 35 (83.33) | |||
| Pleuritis or pericarditis | 6 (14.29) | |||
| Hematologic disorder | 34 (80.95) | |||
| Positive antinuclear antibody | 42 (100) |
SLEDAI: SLE disease activity index; aPL: antiphospholipid antibodies; NA: not applicable; MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination; HAMD: Hamilton Depression Scale; HAMA: Hamilton Anxiety Scale.