Table 2.

Risk factors associated with the presence of AxPsA at first clinic visit.

Covariate	Univariate Analysis			Multivariate Analysis
Covariate	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p
Male	1.26	0.66–2.42	0.49
European ethnicity	0.64	0.06–7.17	0.71
Family history of psoriasis	0.76	0.39–1.48	0.42
Family history of PsA	0.17	0.02–1.29	0.09	0.1	0.01–0.88	0.04
Age	0.99	0.96–1.01	0.35
Duration of psoriasis	1.0	0.97–1.03	0.99
Duration of PsA	1.05	1.00–1.09	0.03
Prior NSAID use	0.75	0.4–1.42	0.8
Prior DMARD use	1.42	0.73–2.77	0.3
Smoker	1.09	0.52–2.31	0.82
Hypertension	0.56	0.16–2.0	0.37
No. of actively inflamed joints	0.99	0.96–1.03	0.86
No. of swollen joints	0.99	0.93–1.07	0.91
No. of clinically damaged joints	1.06	1.03–1.1	< 0.001
Psoriatic nail dystrophy	2.36	0.93–5.97	0.07
Dactylitis	0.62	0.31–1.22	0.17
Enthesitis	1.31	0.63–2.74	0.47
No. of radiographically damaged joints	1.1	1.06–1.15	< 0.0001	1.12	1.07–1.17	< 0.0001
Periostitis	1.52	0.67–3.48	0.32
Calcaneal spurs	1.29	0.68–2.48	0.44
ESR	1.03	1.01–1.04	< 0.001	1.02	1.01–1.04	0.003
Rheumatoid factor	1.61	0.46–5.59	0.45
HLA-B*27	4.03	1.8–9.02	< 0.001	5.75	2.22–14.9	0.0003

AxPsA: axial psoriatic arthritis; NSAID: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug; DMARD: disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate.