Table 1.

The influence of 1,25 (OH)₂D₃ in the regulation of mediators produced by immune cells.

Action of 1,25 (OH)₂D₃ on Immune Mediators	Producing Cells	1,25 (OH)₂D₃ Effects	References
↓ IL-1	Dendritic cells, macrophages	↓ Flogosis	37
↓ IL-2	T helper 1 cells	↓ T cells	23
		↓ Antigen presentation
↑ IL-4	T helper 2 cells	↑ T helper 2 cell	22, 25
↑ IL-5	T helper 2 cells	↑ B cell, ↑ eosinophil	22, 25
↓ IL-6	T cells, macrophages	↓ T helper 17	26
↑ IL-10	Dendritic cells	↑ T reg activation	26, 37
↓ IL-12	Dendritic cells, macrophages	↓ T helper 1	26
↓ IL-17	T helper 17 cells	↓ Immunological response	27
↓ IL-23	Macrophages	↓ T helper 17	26
↓ Immunoglobulins	B cells	↓ Immunological response	28
↓ TNF-α	Macrophages	↓ Flogosis	37
↓ IFN-γ	T helper 1 cells	↓ T cells	24, 25
		↓ Antigen presentation
↓ CD40	Antigen-presenting cells	↓ T cell activation	38
↓ CD80	Antigen-presenting cells	↓ T cells activation	38
↓ CD86	Antigen-presenting cells	↓ T cell activation	38
↑ FoxP3	Dendritic cells	↓ T reg activation	26

T reg: CD4+/CD25+ regulatory T cells; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; IFN: interferon.