Comparison of cytokine levels, median values (IQR), pg/ml, between controls and categories of disease activity by SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) in SLE patients.
| Cytokine | Controls, n = 31 | SLEDAI = 0, n = 22 | SLEDAI = 1–10, n = 49 | SLEDAI > 10, n = 29 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IFN-γ | 47.3 (94.3) | 48.2 (107.4) | 46.0 (102.0) | 96.2 (128.1) |
| IL-12 | 40.4 (73.6) | 27.7 (53.2) | 32.6 (57.9) | 12.6 (42.3)† |
| TNF-α | 35.9 (70.9) | 26.0 (51.5) | 30.9 (54.6) | 61.8 (91.8) |
| IL-4 | 7.0 (0) | 7.0 (0) | 7.0 (2.6) | 7.0 (0.5) |
| IL-6 | 21.5 (1.7) | 14.0 (0.5) | 14.0 (10.5) | 14.0 (8.7) |
| IL-10 | 5.9 (11.7) | 5.9 (1.2) | 5.9 (22.8) | 5.9 (19.6) |
| IL-1β | 17.9 (251.1) | 17.9 (0)** | 17.9 (0)** | 17.9 (0)* |
| IL-17 | 28.4 (66.5) | 28.4 (0.5) | 28.4 (127.0) | 28.4 (30.9) |
| MCP-1 | 102.4 (150.3) | 141.6 (131.7) | 134.8 (174.4) | 122.8 (129.1)† |
| TGF-β1 | 746.7 (314.9) | 705.5 (480.8) | 473.3 (488.8)** | 598.8 (502.5)† |
| MIP-1α | 15.0 (55.3) | 18.5 (186.6) | 15.0 (67.2) | 15.0 (44.8) |
| MIP-1β | 212.6 (137.7) | 204.3 (132.5) | 217.9 (121.1) | 194.2 (202.0) |